1. Tuesday
10 Minutes to finish any last questions on the Geologic Review Practice Test
Whatever is not finished today will be assigned for homework
One Test per table: Test are in Green Basket
Reminder: Geology Test Monday Jan 11
No CHROME BOOKS OUT!!
Work Quietly Please

2. Geologic Time Scale

3. Divisions of Geologic Time
Eon – the longest unit of time on the Geologic time scale
Era – a division of an Eon on the Geologic time scale
Period – A block of time on the Geologic time scale in which rock layers were laid down; a subdivision of an Era
Epoch – the shortest division of time on the Geologic time scale; a subdivision of a Period

4. Earth’s History Continued…
Now that we have all of these pieces of evidence, we are able to reconstruct a timeline of Earth’s History…we call this timeline the Geologic Time Scale.

5. What do we call these major events or changes?
Geologic Time Scale
Geologic Time Scale – a timeline of Earth’s History divided by major events or changes on Earth
What do we call these major events or changes?

6. Catastrophic Events
Catastrophic Events – events that cause major destruction or change life completely
Examples:
Mass extinctions
Ice Ages
Meteor strikes
Major volcanic eruptions

7. EONS – largest division of time 4 Eons of Time:
1. Hadean
2. Archean
3. Proterozoic
4. Phanerozoic
The first 3 eons make up Precambrian Time which is 90% of Earth’s History! It lasted nearly 4 billion years of Earth’s 4.6 billion year history!

8. PRECAMBRIAN TIME MAIN EVENTS:
After Earth & its moon were formed, there was…
Major volcanic activity leading to the formation of Earth’s Crust!
Oxygen levels in the atmosphere rise!
Single-celled micro-organisms; simple multi- celled organisms, like sponges & jellyfish, in the ocean towards the end.
NO animals or plants on land!

9. Phanerozoic Eon – 544 million years ago – present day
Explosion of Life!
Contains 3 Eras:
Paleozoic Era – “Age of Amphibians”
Mesozoic Era – “Age of Dinosaurs”
Cenozoic Era – “Age of Mammals”

10. Paleozoic Era = “Ancient”
544 mya – 248 mya
More diverse marine life such as fish and amphibians developed
Life begins moving onto land towards the end of this era
Reptiles, insects, and simple land plants like ferns developed
Pangaea exists about 280 million years ago
Ends with a Mass Extinction possibly from a meteor strike (???) – kills 90% of all ocean species and 70% of land dwellers!

11. Mesozoic Era = “Middle”
248 mya – 65 mya
Pangaea begins to break apart about 200 million years ago!
Dinosaurs rule the land!
Small early mammals, birds, and more complex flowering plants and flying insects are seen
Ends with another Mass Extinction due to meteor strike off the coast of Mexico
Dust cloud blocked sunlight, killed plant life and affected the food chain

12. Cenozoic Era =“Recent”
65 mya – Present
First primates appear
Primitive whales enter the ocean
Larger land mammals like horses, pigs (have hooves) cats, dogs, bears
Animals developed migration techniques and coevolution patterns
Quaternary Period = the past 2 million yrs
Last Ice Age ends
1st modern humans leading to Homo Sapiens and modern civilizations

13. Human Geologic Timeline
You will receive a card with an event from the Geologic Time Scale
First you must decide which of the 4 corners you belong – Check your note guide!
And then you must put yourselves in order within your era!

14. Geologic Time Scale Order
Precambrian Time = Hadean, Archean & Proterozoic Eons
Remember: This is 90% of Earth’s History!
Earth formed (4.6 billion years ago)
Earth’s moon forms (4.5 billion years ago)
Earth’s crust formed (3.8 billion years ago)
Single-celled organisms (1.4 billion years ago)
Oxygen levels rise due to photosynthetic organisms
Sponges (600 million years ago)
Jellyfish (570 million years ago)
Multi-celled organisms in the ocean only towards the end!

15. Geologic Time Scale Order
Phanerozoic Eon – Paleozoic Era
Pangaea begins to form should be in this era!
Fish & Amphibians diversify marine life
Reptiles!
Early insects (like spiders & centipedes)
First land plants like ferns developed
ENDED WITH…?

16. Geologic Time Scale Order
Phanerozoic Eon – Mesozoic Era
Pangaea begins to break up should be first in this era!
Dinosaurs rule the land!
Small early mammals & birds
More complex flowering plants & flying insects are seen
ENDED WITH…?

17. Geologic Time Scale Order
Phanerozoic Eon – Cenozoic Era
First primates appear
Primitive whales enter the ocean
Larger land mammals like horses, pigs (have hooves)
Then cats, dogs & bears
Animals develop migration techniques & coevolution patterns
Last Ice Age ended (11,000 years ago)
“Modern” humans – Neanderthal Man
Homo Sapiens (17,000 years ago-last species of human to survive extinction)
Modern Civilization (10,000 years ago)

18. Geologic Time Scale Summary
The Geologic Time Scale is divided by catastrophic events; not equal time segments!
In general, life goes from simple to more complex!
Most life occurs towards the end of the Geologic Time Scale!

19. The Day the Mesozoic Died
Fill the video guide in for a completion grade while you watch the movie…make sure your answers are also accurate!
100 = complete
70 = incomplete

20. Geologic Time Scale Summary
The Geologic Time Scale is divided by catastrophic events; not equal time segments!
In general, life goes from simple to more complex!
Most life occurs towards the end of the Geologic Time Scale!

21. The Clock of Eras
The last comparison put Earth’s Geologic Time Scale into 1 year – but what if we put it into 1 day?
om/watch?v=H2_6cq a2cP4

22. Evidence of Earth’s Age Part 1- First Column
Round 1
Evidence of Earth’s Age Part 1- First Column

23. The time it takes for 50% of a radioactive material to decay1
The time it takes for 50% of a radioactive material to decay

24. Exact age of something – a number2
Exact age of something – a number

25. A whole, or part of a whole organism that remains3
A whole, or part of a whole organism that remains

26. Something that causes rock layers to be missing or messed up4
Something that causes rock layers to be missing or messed up

27. Evidence left behind from an organism like a foot print5
Evidence left behind from an organism like a foot print

28. A substance that is unstable and decays6
A substance that is unstable and decays

29. Information about the climate based on the amount of rainfall7
Information about the climate based on the amount of rainfall

30. 8
Under normal conditions, the oldest rock is on the bottom and the youngest is on the top

31. Crack or shift in rocks that usually occurs due to an earthquake9
Crack or shift in rocks that usually occurs due to an earthquake

32. 10
A common organism that lived during a specific time – used as a reference to date other things

33. Evidence of Earth’s Age Part 2
Round 2
Evidence of Earth’s Age Part 2

34. Magma that pushed through the rock layers and hardens1
Magma that pushed through the rock layers and hardens

35. Age compared to the ages of other things – general description2
Age compared to the ages of other things – general description

36. 3
A sample that gives up to 800,000 years of information about climate and events of the past

37. 4
A type of fossil that looks identical to the original, but it is only a copy

38. 5
Remains of a preserved organism
(most general definition)

39. 6
Used to figure out the absolute age of something very old or non-living

40. A version of an element that is used in radioactive dating7
A version of an element that is used in radioactive dating

41. 8
Used to figure out the absolute age of something that was once living or younger than 60,000 years old

42. Folding of rock layers due to erosion, gravity, or other factors9
Folding of rock layers due to erosion, gravity, or other factors

43. The type of fossil that is an imprint of the organism10
The type of fossil that is an imprint of the organism

44. Round 3
Geologic Time Scale

45. Smallest unit of time on the timeline of Earth’s History1
Smallest unit of time on the timeline of Earth’s History

46. Most recent era; “Age of the Mammals”2
Most recent era; “Age of the Mammals”

47. The first 3 Eons of Earth’s History; about 4 billion years

48. Something that causes major destruction or changes life completely4
Something that causes major destruction or changes life completely

49. Second largest segment of time; broken into periods5
Second largest segment of time; broken into periods

50. Middle era; “Age of the Dinosaurs”6
Middle era; “Age of the Dinosaurs”

51. Largest segment of time; broken into eras7
Largest segment of time; broken into eras

52. A timeline of Earth’s History separated by major events8
A timeline of Earth’s History separated by major events

53. Third largest segment of time; broken into epochs9
Third largest segment of time; broken into epochs

54. Ancient era; “Age of Amphibians”10
Ancient era; “Age of Amphibians”