1. How did the Civil War affect the landscape of the South?
The war ravaged the land of the South and left a great deal of physical destruction.
What might have been the lasting effects of the devastation in the South?
the need to rebuild homes, businesses, roads, rails, and other structures; difficulties growing crops on damaged land; economic struggles and setbacks; and lingering unhappiness and bitterness toward the North.

5. Reconstruction Amendments
Thirteenth Amendment This amendment outlawed slavery in the United States.
Fourteenth Amendment This amendment guaranteed citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States. It also guaranteed due process and equal protection under the law to all citizens.
Fifteenth Amendment This amendment extended the right to vote to African American men.

6. Reconstruction in the South
Freedmen’s Bureau The Freedmen’s Bureau operated throughout the South to ease the transition to freedom for formerly enslaved people. It also provided food, clothing, and support for war refugees.
Scalawags and carpetbaggers Northerners who traveled to the South to take part in business or politics became known as carpetbaggers. Southerners who worked to help Reconstruction, by helping Northern lawmakers and military authorities, were known as scalawags.
African Americans in politics Because African Americans could vote, they had greater political power. Many African Americans were elected to state legislatures and even Congress.
Compromise of 1877 Reconstruction ended when Hayes became president after a disputed electoral vote in the election of 1876.

7. How did Reconstruction change the South?
Republicans and African Americans had more political power.
What was the significance of the Compromise of 1877?
The compromise installed Hayes as president, but also resulted in the end of Reconstruction in the South

8. Reconstruction Refugees
Between 1866 and 1885, approximately 4,000 Confederates fled the Deep South rather than live under Reconstruction. Unable to accept the changes in their lives wrought by the war and Reconstruction, they emigrated to Brazil. They were drawn by promises of cheap land, a booming cotton industry, and the existence of slavery, which was tolerated in Brazil until 1888.

9. What were the successes and failures of Reconstruction?
Write a short essay on the successes and failures of Reconstruction.