1. Bone Growth, Diseases, and Fractures

2. Formation of Bones Called ossification
Can then grow longitudinally and horizonatally

3. Cells Involved in Bone Growth
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

4. Osteoprogenitor Cells
Nonspecialized cells that can turn into other cells as needed

5. Osteoblasts
Actually form the bones by secreting of calcium and other minerals

6. Osteocytes
Mature bone cells

7. Osteoclasts
Tears down bone and help move calcium and minerals into the blood

8. Endochondral Ossification
Shaped cartilage is replaced by bone as a child grows older

9. Bone Development Cartilage bone forms
Periosteum surrounds it and the cartilage beings to break down
Spongy bone is created by osteoblasts
Compact bone replaces the spongy bone
Spongy bone reforms within compact bone

10. Epiphyseal Plate Growth Plate
Band of cartilage that allows for continued growth until it becomes ossified

11. Natural Bone Deterioration
As the body ages the bones and cartilage deteriorates
Total bone mass also gradually decreases as we age as well

12. Osteoporosis Disease where bone break down prematurely
Causes bones to break more easily
Occurs in women four times more than men

13. Arthritis Inflammation of the joints
Cartilage, tendons, and joints becomes less flexible and decreases the range of motion

14. Scoliosis
Abnormal curving of the spine which makes it appear in a ‘c’ or ‘s’ shape instead of a straight line

15. Types of Bone Fractures

16. Hairline Fracture
Fine, fracture that does not completely break the bone

17. Simple Fracture Also known as a closed fracture
A break without a puncture to the skin

18. Spiral Fracture
When the bone is severely twisted

19. Greenstick Fractures Incomplete breaks
Often occurs in children because they have softer bones than adults

20. Compression Fractures
When a bone breaks due to increased pressure

21. Comminuted Fracture
Bone is crushed to the point that it becomes fragmented

22. Compound Fracture Also known as an open fracture
When the bone is pushed through the skin
Deep tissues have the ability to be exposed to bacteria and infection can occur

23. How a Bone Heals Bone breaks and severs the blood vessels
Blood clots and forms a fracture hematoma
Helps stabilize the bone and line it up for mending
Fracture hematoma is strengthened by collagen and becomes a soft callus
Osteoblasts produce bone cells to form a bone callus
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts work together to replace bone callus with harder compact bone