1. Economic & Political Conflict
Lesson 3.7 – Civil War leads to Reconstruction

2. Activation
In your opinion, what are the top three causes of the Civil War?

3. What do you think “secede” means?
Key Vocabulary
What do you think “secede” means?
Definition
Examples
Test Question
Secede

4. THE UNION DISSOLVES
In the end, all attempts to compromise between the North and South over slavery failed to end sectional differences. Finally, the outcome of the election triggered a showdown and the first shots of the Civil War.

5. Democrats Split The Northern Democrats supported popular sovereignty.
The Southern Democrats wanted the Dred Scott decision upheld.
Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln as their presidential candidate.
Because the Democratic votes were split, Lincoln won the election.

6. Secession Begins
For the South, the election of a Republican president was a victory for abolitionists.
As a result, the survival of southern society was at stake.
By February of 1861, seven Southern states seceded from the Union. These states announced a new nation that would be known as the Confederacy. Jefferson Davis was the president of the Confederacy.
Crittendon’s Compromise suggested allowing slavery to continue to exist where it already was and to extend the Missouri Compromise line to California. It failed.

7. The Civil War Begins
In his inaugural address, Lincoln spoke directly to the seceding states.
He repeated his promise not to interfere with slavery where it already existed.
He also announced his desire to save the union and to hold onto federal property in the seceding states.

8. Fort Sumter Falls
In April, 1861, Lincoln announced that the federal government would resupply Fort Sumter
Jefferson could not allow federal troops to occupy the most important harbor in the South and capture the fort.
His forces demanded that Major Anderson surrender. Anderson refused.
Confederates bombard the fort until Anderson and his men surrender.

9. Upper South Secedes
After the fall of Fort Sumter, Lincoln called for volunteers.
Many in south did not want to secede, but felt they had no choice.
Virginia was the next state to secede and capital of Confederacy moved to Richmond. Soon three more states seceded.

10. Hanging on to the Border States
Lincoln tried to keep the slave holding border states from leaving the Union.
If Maryland seceded, D.C. (the capital) would be surrounded.
Lincoln placed Baltimore under martial law in order to prevent secession.

11. Kentucky declared itself neutral until September 1861, when troops on both sides occupied the state.
Pro-confederate leaders created a rival government and seceded.
Missouri stayed with Union despite struggles between anti and pro secessionist forces.
The stage now shifts towards the battlefield.

12. The Civil War
The Civil War continued for four long years. It is America’s bloodiest war with 600,000 killed. This conflict not only divided the nation but helped shape its future development, as the political struggle will continue over how to readmit the former Confederate states.

13. America: The Story of Us
Civil War 3 2 1

14. Lesson 3.7 Part 2 Activation
What do you think the term “Reconstruction” means?
What areas of our nation needed reconstruction?

15. Key Vocabulary
Reconstruction

16. In the months after the Civil War ended, the nation began to rebuild and reunite. Almost immediately, fierce struggles began over how long it should take to restore the Southern states to the Union and how punitive reconstruction should be.

17. Lincoln’s Plan
After the Civil War, the Southern economy was in shambles.
The President and Congress focused on reconstruction, or the rebuilding of the Union.
Lincoln wanted to bring the South back in to the Union without punishing it.
His plan called for amnesty to all Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the USA. The leaders and officers of the Confederacy were excluded.
Once 10% had taken the oath, they were able to create a new state government.

18. Radical Republicans
A group known as the Radical Republicans were opposed to Lincoln’s Plan.
They wanted to prevent Confederate leaders from returning to power.
They also wanted the federal government to become powerful in the South in order to ensure suffrage to African Americans. They supported military rule in order to ensure African American voting rights.

19. Wade-Davis Bill
The Wade-Davis Bill eventually gains support from the Moderate Republicans.
This bill called for most white men in former Confederate states to take an oath of loyalty to the Union.
Each state would have to reject all Confederate debt, abolish slaver, and deny former Confederate leaders from holding office and voting.
Lincoln blocked the passage of the Wade-Davis Bill with a pocket veto.

20. Freedmen’s Bureau
After the war, newly freed African Americans, or Freedmen, struggled to survive.
Northerners believed Freedmen should be given Confederate lands.
Congress did not support taking the land from plantation owners. Instead, Congress formed the Freedmen’s Bureau to help feed, cloth, and find jobs for African Americans.
The Bureau also provided African Americans with an education and helped start colleges to train African American teachers.

21. Johnson Takes Office http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptXRFHulcZQ 1. 2.3.

22. Black Codes
The Black Codes limited the rights of African Americans and kept them confined within the conditions of slavery.

23. Radical Republicans Take Control
Republicans in Congress set their own Reconstruction plans through the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
This act allowed African Americans to own property and receive equal treatment in court.
They also passed the 14th Amendment which granted citizenship to all people born in the U.S. and guaranteed equal protection of the law.

24. Military Reconstruction
Republicans also passed the Military Reconstruction Act which divided the Confederacy in to five districts. Each district had a Union General in charge of it.
Each former Confederate state was required to draw up a new constitution and granted all males the right to vote.
Each state also had to ratify the 14th Amendment before it was able to elect people in to Congress.
Radical Republicans impeached Johnson in fear that he would not support the plan. Johnson was not convicted, however, he did not run for office again.
Republicans passed the 15th Amendment which guaranteed all African Americans the right to vote.

25. Republican Rule
Under the Republican ruled Congress the South began to rebuild.
During this time, African Americans gained some new opportunities, particularly in politics. At the same time, some white southerners organized to resist the changes that were occurring.
South Carolina state legislature was controlled by African Americans!

26. Carpetbaggers & Scalawags
From the Southern viewpoint, carpetbaggers were Northerners who were looking to exploit the South.
Scalawags were Southerners who supported the Republican policies of Reconstruction.
In reality, many “carpetbaggers” were honest and provided money and effort to rebuilding the South and helping African Americans.
However, some did exploit the South.

27. African American Churches
Churches became the centers for African American communities.
The churches housed schools, hosted social and political events, provided recreation, and even acted as courts.

28. A Desire to Learn Many African Americans sought an education.
In the first year of Reconstruction, the Freedmen’s Bureau established schools for African Americans in the South.

29. Ku Klux Klan Forms
African Americans faced intense resentment from many southern whites.
The Klan's goal was to drive out carpetbaggers and Union troops and retake control of the South.
They even employed terrorist tactics.
The activities of the Klan outrage President Grant and led to the Enforcement Acts:
1. It was a federal crime to interfere with the right to vote.
2. Federal elections were now under the supervision of federal marshals.
3. Outlawed all activities of the Klan.

30. Crash Course 3 2 1

31. Learning Log
Analyze the following statement: “The North may have won the Civil War, but the South won Reconstruction.”
Compare and contrast the northern perception of Reconstruction versus the Southern perception of Reconstruction.