1. Divisive Politics of Slavery and
The 1850s:
Divisive Politics of Slavery and
the Road to Secession

2. Complete the chart in #1 by evaluating the images you are about to see.

3. Compare the images you see

5. German Irish Immigrants Immigrants

6. North
South
Relied on industry for jobs
Industry
Very little industry; only 10% of all manufactured items

12. the House of Representatives
the number of people a state has is determined by the state’s population
The Senate
There are TWO representatives per state

13. What is the connection to membership in congress and voting power in congress?

14. The more members you have in the House of Representatives the more votes(power) you have.

15. How might adding new states have an important impact on the voting power in congress?

16. How is westward expansion driving sectionalist feelings?

17. Wilmot Proviso On August 12,1846 David Wilmot proposes…
(this is an image)

18. Wilmot Proviso On August 12,1846 David Wilmot proposes…
Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition (to acquire or get) of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated (money given for a specific purpose), neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.

19. Wilmot Proviso
In 1846 David Wilmot proposes adding language to a bill in Congress proposing that “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist” in any territory the US might get in a war with Mexico

20. That means NO SLAVERY in California, Utah and New Mexico

23. - the power it would give to the North in congress
Support splits along sectional lines:
The NORTH supporting the provision
– because of the economic opportunities it would give workers
The SOUTH opposing
- on Constitutional grounds about the rights people had with their property (slaves) and
- the power it would give to the North in congress

24. The proviso failed to be passed but the crisis is not over
In 1849 California applies for statehood as a FREE state

25. South felt California should be admitted as a slave state because a lot of it was below the Missouri Compromise line

26. President Zachary Taylor (a southerner) supported CA’s admission as a free state and felt that whether a state was free or slave should be up to them (popular sovereignty – the people should decide)

27. Congress begins to debate
Issues:
a) California statehood – slave or free
b) Border dispute between Texas (slave) and New Mexico (undecided)

28. Other Concerns:
c) North demands slavery be abolished in DC
d) South Accuses North of not enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act

29. “The Great Compromiser”
Compromise proposed by Henry Clay
“The Great Compromiser”

30. Path to Compromise Initial plan rejected by the Senate
Clay (73 at the time – dies 1852) leaves Washington and Stephen Douglas takes up the fight

31. Path to Compromise
Douglass introduces each piece of the bill one at a time
President Taylor dies and is replaced by Millard Fillmore who supports the compromise
John Calhoun dies and southern leaders support the compromise

32. Compromise is voted into law in September 1850

33. Compromise of 1850 Who is happy?
North
Provision
South
CA admitted as free
Stricter enforcement of Fugitive Slave Law
Utah and New Mexico decide for themselves slave or free
TX was paid $10 million to settle land dispute with New Mexico
Slave trade banned in DC – slavery not

34. Compromise of 1850

35. Let’s look more closely at one of the provisions of the compromise…
The Fugitive Slave Acts

36. Fugitive Slave Acts DBQ and video
Video Fugitive Slave Acts

37. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Stephen Douglas wants western lands in the union and thinks popular sovereignty is the most fair way to go
Letting the people of a territory vote slave or free

38. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
1854 Douglas introduces a bill that would repeal the Missouri Compromise…
ie: would make territory above the Missouri line open to slavery
…and create two territories – Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the south

39. Remember where the line was?

40. The bill was signed into law in 1854

41. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

42. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Thousands went to Kansas. Supporters of both a slave and free territory.
Pro-slavery supporters set up a government in Lecompton
Abolitionist supporters set up a government in Topeka

43. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 VIOLENCE ERUPTS!!
Pro-slavery supporters burn anti-slavery town of Lawrence “Sack of Lawrence”
Anti-slavery group (led by John Brown) kills 5 slavery supporters “The Pottawatomie Massacre”

44. Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

45. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Charles Sumner speaks for two days in the Senate against actions in Kansas
(in his speech he makes fun of Andrew Butler of SC)

46. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Two days later…Preston Brooks, Butler’s nephew, walks up to Sumner and hits him on the head 5-6 times with a cane
Sumner suffers brain damage and does not return for three years

47. “The Crime Against Kansas”
Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)
Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)

48. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
South applauds Brooks and North denounces him
The gulf between north and south widens

49. Kansas-Nebraska Act

50. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

51. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!

52. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

53. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

54. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine
Popular Sovereignty?

55. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

56. 1860 Presidential Election
John Bell Constitutional Union
Ignored slavery
Abraham Lincoln Republican
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat
Popular sovereignty
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat
Supported Dred Scott

57. Republican Party Platform in 1860
- Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.
- Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].
- No denial of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
- Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
- Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
- Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

58. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

59. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?

60. 1860
Election
Results

61. Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity
Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY)

62. Secession: SC Dec. 20, 1860

63. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861