1. Xenon increases total body oxygen consumption during isoflurane anaesthesia in dogs 
O. Picker, A.W. Schindler, L.A. Schwarte, B. Preckel, W. Schlack, T.W.L. Scheeren, V. Tha¨mer 
British Journal of Anaesthesia 
Volume 88, Issue 4, Pages (April 2002)
DOI: /bja/
Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Oxygen consumption (V˙o2) and cardiac output (CO) in the awake state, during isoflurane anaesthesia 1.4% and 2.8% and after adding 50% and 70% xenon to an isoflurane baseline. Data are mean±SEM from five dogs. Note the significant increase in V˙o2 (*P<0.05) in the presence of xenon compared with 1.4% isoflurane, whereas CO remained essentially unchanged. n.s., not significant.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/ )
Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Relationship between cardiac output (CO) and oxygen consumption (V˙o2) in the awake state (A) and during isoflurane anaesthesia (1.4% [B, C] and 2.8% [D]) in comparison with xenon anaesthesia (70% and 50% xenon with 1.4% isoflurane [E, F], 50% xenon with 0.7% isoflurane [G] and 70% xenon alone [H]). Values are given as mean±SEM from five dogs. Note the close relationship between V˙o2 and CO during the awake state and during isoflurane anaesthesia (open circles), as well as in the presence of xenon (closed circles), with different regression lines (P<0.05).
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/ )
Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Sympathovagal balance analysed as heart rate variability in the frequency domain and expressed as high and low frequency normalized units (nuHF [squares] and nuLF [circles], respectively) during isoflurane anaesthesia ([open symbols] 1.4% [C], 2.8% [D]) and after adding xenon (70% and 50% [closed symbols] to 1.4% isoflurane [E, F]). Values are mean±SEM from five dogs. Note the parallel shift towards vagal activation (nuHF) when the anaesthetic depth is increased by adding xenon or by increasing the isoflurane alone.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/ )
Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Oxygen consumption (V˙o2) and cardiac output (CO) after ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium in the awake state, during 1.4% isoflurane anaesthesia alone and after adding 50% and 70% xenon to isoflurane baseline anaesthesia. Data are mean±SEM from five dogs. Note that V˙o2 increased (P<0.05), whereas CO remained almost unchanged (n.s., not significant), as in the absence of ganglionic blockade (compare with Fig. 1).
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/ )
Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Arterial to mixed venous oxygen content difference (C(a– v ¯ )O2) during isoflurane anaesthesia (1.4% [C] and 2.8% [D]) in comparison with xenon anaesthesia (70% and 50% xenon with 1.4% isoflurane [E, F], 50% xenon with 0.7% isoflurane [G] and 70% xenon alone [H]) plotted against combined MAC. Data are mean±SEM from five dogs. Note that in the range above 1 MAC, C(a– v ¯ )O2 tended to increase with increasing anaesthetic depth in a parallel manner in the presence and absence of xenon.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/ )
Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

7. Fig 6
Oxygen consumption (V˙o2 [diamonds]) and cardiac output (CO [circles]) in relation to the anaesthetic depth (MAC), in the awake state (A) and during isoflurane anaesthesia (1.4% [B, C] and 2.8% [D]) in comparison with xenon anaesthesia (70% and 50% xenon with 1.4% isoflurane [E, F], 50% xenon with 0.7% isoflurane [G] and 70% xenon alone [h]). Values are means from five dogs. Both variables correlate closely in the absence (open symbols) and presence (closed symbols) of xenon. Note that substituting xenon for parts of the isoflurane (see arrows) would lead to an increase in CO and V˙o2, with the effects of xenon tending to decrease as MAC increases.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/ )
Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions