1. Volume 123, Issue 4, Pages 1129-1134 (October 2002)
Cannabinoid receptor agonism inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux in dogs 
Anders Lehmann, L.Ashley Blackshaw, Lena Brändén, Anita Carlsson, Jörgen Jensen, Emelie Nygren, Scott D. Smid 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 123, Issue 4, Pages (October 2002)
DOI: /gast
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Effects of WIN 55,212-2 (5.7, 19, and 57 nmol/kg IV) on (A) TLESRs, (B) latency to first TLESR, (C) total number of swallows, and (D) number of reflux episodes. Data are expressed as percent change from control values (n = 4–6). WIN 55,212-2 produced an inhibition of TLESRs, total number of swallows and number of reflux episodes, while latency to the first TLESR increased. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P <
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Effects of WIN 55,212-2 (19 nmol/kg IV) on (A) TLESRs, (B) latency to first TLESR, (C) total number of swallows, and (D) number of reflux episodes in absence or presence of the CBR1 antagonist SR (0.22 μmol/kg intragastrically) or the CBR2 antagonist SR (2.1 μmol/kg IV). SR produced a statistically significant inhibition of the WIN 55,212-2 induced reduction of TLESRs, swallowing and reflux episodes, while SR was without effect on these responses. In addition, SR on its own produced effects opposite to WIN 55,212-2 on all 4 parameters. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P <
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
(A) Representative tracing demonstrating vagal afferent discharge in response to graded isovolumetric air distentions of the isolated ferret proximal stomach at 2, 4, and 7 mL. Top traces: integrated record of nerve discharge in impulses per second. Bottom traces: raw record of nerve discharge (μV). Increasing mechanoreceptor discharge occurred with increasing distention volumes over the 2–7 mL range. (B) Effects of WIN 55,212-2 (3 μmol/L) on the change in vagal mechanoreceptor discharge during air distentions of the isolated ferret proximal stomach (n = 6). A volume-dependent increase in unit discharge was observed in untreated (control) preparations; this was near-maximal at 7 mL. WIN 55,212-2 did not have any significant effect on the afferent response to distention. (C) Illustration representing the partial ferret stomach, including topographical representation of areas of mechanoreceptor discharge recorded during serosal blunt probe application. The preparation is shown with the fundus and corpus cut open longitudinally along the greater curvature and fanned out, to show regions of activation to probing in the 6 gastric vagal fibers on both ventral and dorsal surfaces. Units showed a widespread distribution and were found both in the fundus and corpus.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2002 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions