1. Presidential address: The microcosm of the arterial wall—A plea for research 
Allan D. Callow, M.D., Ph.D. 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 1-18 (January 1987)
DOI: / (87)
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Vinyon “N” prosthesis. Entire luminal surface of cloth is covered by glistening intimal coat. Fibroblasts growing into and through interstices of cloth could be seen throughout sections. (From Voorhees AB, Jaretski A, Blakemore AH. The use of tubes constructed from Vinyon “N” cloth in bridging arterial defects. Ann Surg 1952;135:332.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Comparative patencies of vein and prosthetic grafts. (From Darling RC, Linton RR. Durability of femoropopliteal reconstructions. Am J Surg 1972;123:477.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Patency rates of aortic bifurcation, aortofemoral, and femoropopliteal bypasses from 1970 to (Modified from Sauvage LR, Berger K, Wood SJ, et al. Grafts for the 80s. Seattle: The Bob Hope International Heart Research Institute, 1981.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Endothelial outgrowth partially occluding anastomotic stoma. (From Callow AD, Balas PE, Aboulafia ED. Functional similarity of bypass arterial grafts and collateral vessels. Studies on delayed occlusion in alternate arterial channels. Ann Surg 1962;156:26.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on platelet-associated activity (PAA) in Dacron grafts in the baboon model. PGI2 both prevented platelet uptake and dispersed established platelet uptake. TID indicates total injected dose; g = graft; c = control. (From Callow AD et al. Platelet-arterial synthetic graft interaction and its modification. Arch Surg 1982;117:1452.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Effect of aspirin (ASA) and heparin on indium 111—labeled platelet deposition on polytetrafluoroethylene grafts at 25 ml/min. (From Eldrup-Jorgensen J, Connolly RJ, Mackey WC, et al. Antiplatelet therapy and vascular grafts: Studies in a baboon ex vivo shunt. Arch Surg 1986;121:780. American Medical Association. Copyright 1986.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Indium 111—labeled platelet deposition on prosthetic grafts at a high flow rate (200 ml/min). (From Eldrup-Jorgensen J, Mackey WC, Connolly RJ, et al. Evaluation of arterial prostheses in a baboon ex vivo shunt: The effect of graft material and flow on platelet deposition. Am J Surg 1985;150:187.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 8
A, Scanning electron micrograph of knitted Dacron graft after 2.5 hours of flow in ex vivo shunt circuit. Note large number of adherent polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) (arrows). (Original magnification × 3200). B, Higher magnification shows adherent PMN. Membrane ruffling and pseudopod formation indicate activated state. (Original magnification × 13,500). (From Shepard AD, Gelfand JA, Callow AD, O'Donnell Jr TF. Complement activation by synthetic vascular prostheses. J VASC SURG 1984;1:830.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

10. Fig. 9
Mean ± SEM C5a levels (by radioimmunoassay) generated in plasma samples from 10 healthy human donors by incubation with segments of knitted Dacron and polytetrafluoroethylene graft material. (From Shepard AD, Gelfand JA, Callow AD, O'Donnell Jr TF. Complement activation by synthetic vascular prostheses. J VASC SURG 1984;1:832.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

11. Fig. 10
Gamma camera scan of head and neck of baboon 24 hours after injection of indium 111—labeled platelets 4 weeks after implantation. (From Ramberg K, et al. Indium-111 labeled platelet imaging of endothelial-cell-seeded small-caliber synthetic grafts in the baboon. ASAIO 1985;8:96.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

12. Fig. 11
Schematic diagram of in vitro circuit. Grafts are placed in parallel circuits. Each limb of the circuit contains one seeded and one control graft. (From Sentissi JM, Ramberg K, O'Donnell TF, Connolly RJ, Callow AD. The effect of flow on vascular endothelial cells grown in tissue culture on polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. Surgery 1986;99:338.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

13. Fig. 12
Indium 111 radioactivity lost from seeded grafts at 25 ml/min (open dots) compared with that lost at 200 ml/min (solid dots) after minutes of flow. (From Sentissi JM, Ramberg K, O'Donnell TF, Connolly RJ, Callow AD. The effect of flow on vascular endothelial cells grown in tissue culture on polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. Surgery 1986;99:341.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

14. Fig. 13
Schematic model of a vascular endothelial cell. (From Callow AD. The “tissue culture” arterial graft—How soon? In: Greenhalgh RM, Jamieson CW, Nicolaides AN, eds. Vascular surgery issues in practice. London: Grune & Stratton, Inc, 1986:223.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

15. Fig. 14
Cross section of collagen gel containing smooth muscle cells (1 × 105/ml) and surface seeded with endothelial cells at 1.05 × 105 cells/cm2. Endothelial cells were confluent and can be seen to be in contact with each other. Smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers are visible within the gel. (Original magnification × 750. From Callow AD. The “tissue culture” arterial graft—How soon? In: Greenhalgh RM, Jamieson CW, Nicolaides AN, eds. Vascular surgery issues in practice. London: Grune & Stratton, Inc, 1986:221.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

16. Fig. 15
Endothelial cells on surface of smooth muscle cell containing collagen gel. Note junction where two endothelial cells are joined to the right of the endothelial cell body. Collagen fibrils and portion of a smooth muscle cell are seen within gel below the endothelial cell layer. (Original magnification × From Callow AD. The “tissue culture” arterial graft—How soon? In: Greenhalgh RM, Jamieson CW, Nicolaides AN, eds. Vascular surgery issues in practice. London: Grune & Stratton, Inc, 1986:223.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

17. Fig. 16
Obligated funds for the aggregate of National Institutes of Health (NIH) programs are shown for fiscal years 1969 through 1980, with alternate projections for fiscal In terms of constant dollars, high point is Even the higher projection for 1981 (which has proved to be accurate) represents a decline in the purchasing power of 5.5%, according to a price index for biomedical research and development. (From Fredrickson DS. Biomedical research in the 1980s. Reprinted, by permission of N Engl J Med 1981;304:513.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

18. Fig. 17
Total number of NIH trainees and fellows declined from 18,945 in 1965 to an estimated 10,284 in During this period, total postdoctoral trainees, although declining in number, rose as a percentage of all trainees (48% to 55%). However, physician postdoctoral researchers declined in both number and percentage (59% to 30%) of all postdoctoral researchers. (From Fredrickson DS. Biomedical research in the 1980s. Reprinted, by permission of N Engl J Med 1981;304:515.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1987 5, 1-18DOI: ( / (87) )
Copyright © 1987 Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions