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Motion and Momentum
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What is motion? All matter is constantly in motion
Motion involves a change in position. Requires a point of reference Distance total length an object moves Displacement includes distance and direction Speed - Change in position over time AVERAGE SPEED total distance traveled divided by total time
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Instantaneous speed Object’s speed at a given instant Constant speed When speed doesn't vary You can graph your results in a distance vs. time graph: Time = x axis Distance = y axis The steeper the line, the greater the speed Velocity— describes speed AND direction Velocity Δ if either, or both, of these Δ Acceleration Acceleration— Rate of change of velocity Speeding up Slowing down Δ direction Acceleration
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Acceleration
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Acceleration is (+) when an object speeds up and (-) when an object slows down
Acceleration can be graphed with speed on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. An object that is speeding up line that slopes upward. An object that is slowing down line that slopes downward. A horizontal line would indicate acceleration of zero, or constant speed.
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Momentum The amount of matter in an object mass; inertia tendency of an object to resist a Δ in motion. Momentum—how hard it is to stop an object MOMENTUM
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Momentum ↑ if the mass or velocity of the object ↑ Momentum has direction that is the same as its velocity Law of conservation of momentum—the total momentum of objects that collide w/ each other does not Δ Ex: Objects stick together & move still stuck together, although possibly at different speeds Two objects bounce off each other when they collide, & transfer momentum from one to the other In both cases, the total momentum of the objects that collide is the same before and after the collision
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