1. Chemical Elements

2. Objectives
List the chemical elements making up carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Describe how large molecules are formed

3. Vocabulary
Polymers
Monomers
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

4. Polymers: large organic molecules
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
Made up of smaller, repeating “building blocks” called MONOMERS
MONOMER + MONOMER = POLYMER

5. Examples of Polymers
Proteins
Lipids (fats)
Carbohydrates

6. Most organic molecules are made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur (CHNOPS)

7. -Carbohydrates: organic compound made up of:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
-Provide energy and food for organisms

8. Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide-single sugar unit

9. Carbohydrates
Oligosaccharides -two to ten sugar units

10. Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide: many sugar units

11. -Fats: organic compounds made up of:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
-Used for energy reserve 11

13. Proteins: organic compound made up of:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorous
Sulfur
-Essential for life functions and as food source

14. Proteins

15. Carbs, fats, and proteins have small subunits and make complex large molecules
HOW?
Adding small subunits together to form large polymers- polymerization

16. Starch (complex carbohydrate) test

17. Potassium iodide solution added
Starch present- turns blue-black
Iodine forms molecules with parts of starch

18. Testing for sugar

19. Benedicts solution added
In presences of glucose, changes color

20. Testing for protein

21. Add Biuret’s solution
Turns purple/deep violet if protein present

22. Testing for fat

23. Add sudan red
Turns red in presence of fat