1. Safety review

2. Chapter 1 the science of Life

3. Lets play a game…
Am I alive?
How can you tell?

13. Characteristics of Life?
Organization
Response to stimuli
Homeostasis
metabolism
Growth and Development
Reproduction
Change through time

14. Organization High degree of order between internal and external parts
Interactions with the living world
Examples?

15. Response to stimuli
Ability to respond to changing environment

16. Homeostasis ability to maintain a stable internal condition.
No matter the changes in environment.

17. Metabolism
Use of energy to power life processes

18. Growth and Development
increase in amount of living material
Development?
process ending in adulhood
Ie. Frog

19. Reproduction Production of Offspring
Coded information is passed on to the offspring
Like Produces Like

20. Change through time
evolution

21. Science as a process Scientific method
Organized approach to learn how the natural world works

22. Scientific method Observation / question:
Hypothesis: tries to answer question; proposed explanation
Prediction: guesses what will happen
Experiment: tests hypothesis
Collect and analyze data
Supports or disputes hypothesis

23. Scientific theory
When a set of confirmed hypotheses is confirmed to be true many times
Examples?

24. Tools of the trade Microscopes 1. Compound light microscope
Uses light through a specimen
Electron microscpes use a stream of electrons to visualize a specimen
2. Scanning (SEM) electron microscope
3-D surface view
3. Transmission (TEM) electron microscope
2-D internal view

25. Compound Light Microscope

26. Scanning Electron Microscope
SEM
Scanning Electron Microscope

27. Transmission Electron Microscope
TEM
Transmission Electron Microscope

29. Light vs. Electron

30. SEM or TEM
SEM TEM
TEM SEM

31. SEM or TEM
TEM SEM
SEM TEM

32. More SEM

33. More SEM

34. More SEM

37. Temperature (Celcius)
The Metric System
System of measuremnt in science.
Based on multiples of ten = easy conversion
Common Metric Units
Length (meters)
Mass (grams)
1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm)
1 meter = 1000 millimeters (mm)
1000 meters = 1 kilometer
1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)
1 gram = 1000 milligram (mg)
1000 kilograms = 1 metric ton (t)
Volume (liters)
Temperature (Celcius)
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
1 liter = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm3)
0o Celsius (C) = freezing point of water
100o C = boiling point of water

38. Ch 1 Vocab quiz next class
Biology
Compound light microscope
Electron microscope
Gene
Hypothesis
Metabolism
Metric system
Organization
Scientific method
Theory

39. Ch 2 Chemistry of Life

40. Matter
Everything is made of matter (?)
Has mass and occupies space

41. Elements and atoms
Element: substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Atoms: smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element

42. Atomic structure Nucleus makes up most of mass of an atom
Consists of protons (positive) and neutrons (no charge)
Number of protons = atomic number
Number of protons + neutrons =
mass number

43. Atomic structure Electrons: negatively charged particles
Balance out with positive charge of protons
Very small mass
Move around the nucleus in orbitals

44. Isotopes
Atoms of same element have equal number of protons but not necessarily neutrons
Isotopes: atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons

45. Compounds
Made of atoms of two or more elements
H2O
CO2
CH4

46. A Covalent Bond occurs when atoms share electrons
Covalent Bonds
A Covalent Bond occurs when atoms share electrons

47. Ionic Bonds Oppositely charged atoms, attracted to each other
Note: they do not share electrons
Example: Sodium Chloride

48. Energy and Matter Energy: ability to do work Many types of energy
Electrical
Radiant (light)
Thermal (heat)
Chemical
mechanical

49. Chemical reactions
One or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
Reactants: on the left side of the equation

50. Chemical reactions
One or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
Products: on the right side of equation

51. Activation energy Energy needed to start a reaction
Catalysts reduce activation energy
Example: enzymes

53. Water and solutions Properties of water are necessary for life
Many of water’s functions come from it’s chemical structure
Polarity: uneven distribution of charges
Water is polar
Polar nature allows water to dissolve polar substances

55. Hydrogen bonding
Polar nature allows water to be attracted to one another
+ region of one moleculue attracted to the – region on another

56. Cohesion and adhesion
Cohesion: attractive force between molecules of a single substance
Water attracted to water
Adhesion: attractive force between molecules of different substances
Water attracted to other stuff

57. Quick cohesion and adhesion lab
HOW MANY DROPS OF WATER CAN I PUT ON LINCOLN’S HEAD?
Get in lab groups.
Send one member up to the front to get a penny and a cup
Count the number of drops that you can put on the head of a penny

58. Temperature moderation
Water has a high heat capacity
Water can absorb or release large amounts of energy with only a slight change in temperature
This allows water to absorb heat during the summer to keep air cool w/o increasing the temp.
And at night, water cools and warms the air

59. Density Is ice more or less dense than water?
Discuss with your partner and write your ideas down in your notes

60. Solutions Solution: mixture of two or more substances
Solute: substance that dissolves in a solvent
Solvent: substance in which the solute is dissolved

61. Acids and bases pH scale is used to measure acidity or alkalinity
Scale from 0  14
06.9: acid
7 neutral (water)
7.114: base
Buffers: chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of acids or base added to a solution
They keep the pH from changing greatly