1. Video

2. Consciousness
Chapter 6

3. What is consciousness? Consciousness –
Awareness of one’s self and one’s environment

5. Types of Conscious Experience
External sensory perception
Awareness of sights, sounds, tastes, smells, and touch sensations in the environment

6. Internal sensory perception –
Ability to internally experience sensory information from a remembered event or to create sensory representations of events we’ve never experienced, but only imagined

7. Abstract awareness – involves symbols we use to represent big ideas
Example – thinking of the Statue of Liberty to represent freedom

8. Awareness of self –
Means you are aware of yourself as an individual apart from other individuals and objects in your environment. You not only have thoughts and feelings but you are aware that you have them

9. Levels of Consciousness
Normal and Waking Consciousness
This state includes whatever we are aware of in the present
Can range from daydreaming to intense concentration

10. Subconscious
Thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are available to us, but not presently in our awareness
Preconscious – knowledge and memories are present in our minds but are not being accessed
Nonconscious – behaviors and thoughts we process automatically without conscious effort and sometimes without control

11. Unconscious
According to Freud, the unconscious mind contains desires, conflicts, or memories with which our conscious mind cannot easily deal.

12. Altered States of Consciousness
Daydreaming
Fanciful imagery or unfocused thoughts that may be different from a person’s reality
Drug-Induced
The result of chemicals that alter the mental state, often through physiological changes and various on the brain

13. Hallucinations Meditative State
Experiencing sights and sounds that do not occur. The person is unable to distinguish his or her perceptions from those produced by real experience
Meditative State
Highly focused state of consciousness achieved by concentrating on a repetitive, peaceful stimulus

14. State induced by Biofeedback
Self-monitoring of one’s physiological states to control certain bodily functions such as heart rate
Lucid Dreaming
Dreaming while you’re aware that you’re dreaming. One might control the direction of the dream

15. Chronobiology
Circadian Rhythms – natural cycles that occur throughout the day
Based on a 25 hour period
Can be affected
3rd shift work
Jet lag

16. Why we sleep 3 theories Physical and Mental Recuperation
Produce new cell and chemicals the body needs
Consolidation of Thoughts and Experiences
No environmental distractions
Adaptation
Sleeping at night was a way to avoid predators

17. Stages of Sleep Awake, but drowsy NREM Stage 1 – 30min Stage 2 – 30min
Body is relaxed, HR slower
NREM
Stage 1 – 30min
HR slows further, muscle tension decreases
Stage 2 – 30min
Body relaxes further
Stage 3 – 30 min
Transition into deep sleep
Stage 4 – 30 min
Little perception of external sounds, deep sleep
REM Sleep
Dreaming occurs

18. Sleep Disorders Sleep Apnea Sleepwalking Insomnia Hypersomnia
REM Behavior Disorder
Narcolepsy
Night Terrors
Nightmares

19. Dreaming Longest, most visual dreams occur during REM sleep
Events in dreams may take as long as the actual events
Most dreams are of ordinary experiences

20. Why We Dream
Freud – dreams are creations of the unconscious mind, symbolic of what a person can’t deal with consciously
Brains attempts to make sense of random firing of neurons
Allows brain to consolidate information

21. ? What do dreams mean? http://www.thecuriousdreamer.com

22. Hypnosis

23. Hypnosis
An induced state of consciousness in which one person responds to suggestions by another person for alterations in perception, thinking, and behavior
Originated in the later half of the 18th century by the physician Anton Mesmer
Claimed he could cure illness

24. Self Hypnosis Video

25. Goal of Hypnosis
Create a relaxed, passive, highly focused state of mind
Highly dependant on the susceptibility of the subject

26. Effects of Hypnosis Perceptual Effects Cognitive Effects
Used to induce alterations in perception
Originally used for pain relief
Cognitive Effects
Hypermnesia – enhancement of recall
May just increase confidence in accuracy
Hypnotized people are just as inaccurate as no hypnotized
most courts do not accepted testimony of hypnotized witnesses

27. Behavioral effects
Posthypnotic suggestions direct subjects to carry out particular behaviors after leaving hypnosis
Quit smoking
Relaxation
Diet
Dangerous behavior

28. Age Regression Repressed Memories
I'm twelve years old....
Adults under hypnosis do not really act that age, instead they act as an adult believes someone that age would act
Memories are only as good as they were at their formation
Many children misinterpret meaning of events and keep that in their memory