1. Inflammation and Carcinogenesis of the Biliary Tract: Update On Endoscopic Treatment 
Richard A. Kozarek 
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 
Volume 7, Issue 11, Pages S89-S94 (November 2009)
DOI: /j.cgh
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2. Figure 1
Bismuth type 3 CCA treated with bilateral 10 French plastic prostheses.
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009 7, S89-S94DOI: ( /j.cgh )
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3. Figure 2
(A) Major mass intrahepatic CCA in a patient presenting with weight loss and jaundice. (B) Note palliation with single SEMS, placed into dominant left intrahepatic duct. NITI-S SEMS (TaeWoong Inc, Seoul, Korea).
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009 7, S89-S94DOI: ( /j.cgh )
Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
(A) Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showing Type IV bifurcation tumor with multiple isolated intrahepatic ducts. (B) Two SEMSs placed into right intrahepatic system failed to relieve jaundice. Arrow depicts high-grade stenosis of dilated left intrahepatic duct. Following manipulation into left system with a Soehendra screw dilator (C) access is maintained (D) to allow placement of a third SEMS (E).
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009 7, S89-S94DOI: ( /j.cgh )
Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Type 3 CCA (A), treated with “Y” configuration SEMSs (B) followed by PDT (C, D).
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009 7, S89-S94DOI: ( /j.cgh )
Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Kaplan–Meier survival curve of randomized patients treated with PDT plus stenting (group A, n = 20), and of patients with stenting alone (group B, n = 19). Survival was longer in group A compared with group B (P < .0001). +, patients still alive. Reprinted with permission, Ortner MEJ, Caca K, Berr F, et al. Successful photodynamic therapy for nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a randomized prospective study. Gastroenterology 2003;125:1358.
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009 7, S89-S94DOI: ( /j.cgh )
Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
Extrahepatic CCA causing gastric outlet obstruction and jaundice treated with (A) enteral and (B) biliary SEMSs.
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009 7, S89-S94DOI: ( /j.cgh )
Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions