1. Figure 3 Effects of cardiovascular medication on the fetus
Figure 3 | Effects of cardiovascular medication on the fetus. Direct negative effects on fetal heart rate and cardiac output can occur (1), as well as a negative effect on uteroplacental blood flow (2). However, maternal cardiovascular disease can also negatively influence fetal growth and development (3). When medication positively influences maternal cardiac performance (for example, β‑blockers in mitral stenosis [a]), uteroplacental blood flow can be enhanced (b), with benefits for the fetus.
Pieper, P. G. (2015) Use of medication for cardiovascular disease during pregnancy
Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio