1. Announcements!! Signed syllabus due MONDAY (50 pts) Happening Tuesday:
Msdrakechs.weebly.com (password Drizzy)  click on “World Geo”
Happening Tuesday:
Landform vocab due!
Landform vocab quiz

2. The 6 Elements of Geography
Part 1

3. 6 Elements
Many geographers use the six essential elements to organize their study.
The World in Spatial Terms
Uses of Geography
Places and Regions
Physical Systems
Human Systems
Environment & Society

4. The World in Spatial Terms
Geographers look at where things are on the Earth’s surface.
Changes in settlement patterns over time are also important.

5. The World in Spatial Terms
It tells us where this place is in relation to other places?
Or, its LOCATION

6. The World in Spatial Terms
“Where are we?”
Absolute Location:
Latitude and longitude (global location)
Sugar Land is located at 29°N, 96°W
Street address (local location)

7. The World in Spatial Terms
Relative Location:
Described by landmarks, time, distance from one place to another, etc.
Sugar Land is southwest of Houston
Austin is 1 hr 45 min away
Israel is next to Lebanon & Jordan

9. GEOGRAPHY SKILLS PACKET

10. Lines of Latitude A.K.A.—”parallels”
Measure distance north or south of the Equator
North Pole: 90°N; South Pole: 90°S
Arctic Circle: 66½°N; Antarctic Circle: 66½°S
Tropic of Cancer: 23½°N; Tropic of Capricorn: 23½°S

11. Arctic Circle, /2ºN
North Pole, 90ºN
Tropic of Cancer, 23 1/2ºN
Tropic of Capricorn, 23 1/2ºS
South Pole, 90ºS
Antarctic Circle, 66 1/2ºS

12. Lines of Longitude A.K.A.—Meridians
Measures distance EAST or WEST of the Prime Meridian
Eastern Hemisphere (east longitude) lies at places east of the Prime Meridian
Western Hemisphere (west longitude) lies at places west of the Prime Meridian

13. The EQUATOR creates the Northern & Southern Hemisphere
0° latitude = Equator
The PRIME MERIDIAN creates the Eastern & Western Hemisphere
0° longitude = Prime Meridian

14. Practice What major city has the following coordinates?
41ºN, 73ºW (USA) New York City
33ºN, 13ºE (Africa) Tripoli, Libya
33ºS, 71ºW (South America) Santiago, Chile
Name the global address of:
Hanoi, Vietnam 21°N, 105°E
Athens, Greece 37°N, 23°E
Tehran, Iran 35°N, 51°E

15. Get out skills packet and begin working on the Projections section.
Please read and follow the instructions.

16. Winkel Tripel Projection

17. Winkel Tripel Projection
Pros:
Good balance of size & shape of land areas as shown on the maps
No distortion
Cons:
None! 
This is the most widely used projection for world maps!!!

18. Robinson Projection

19. Robinson Projection Pros Cons
Sizes & shapes near the edges of the map are accurate
Cons
Shapes of the polar areas are distorted (misshaped)

20. Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area Projection

21. Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area Projection
Pros
The size & shape of the countries are true to size
Cons
Distances between countries are not true to size & not accurate

22. Mercator Projection

23. Mercator Projection Pros: Cons: Directions are true to the map
The shapes of the landmasses are accurate
Cons:
The size & distance becomes more inaccurate as you move away from the equator
This is a commonly used projection (good for seafaring!)

24. Types of Maps General Purpose
Physical: shows topography (shape) of Earth
Displays relief: differences in elevation, landforms, etc.
Political: shows boundaries of countries, states, etc.
Displays human-made features (capitals, roads, etc.
Open to page 106 & 107

25. Types of Maps Special Purpose
Emphasize a particular kind of information
Climate (pg 122)
Vegetation (pg 123)
Population density (pg 108)
Economic activity (pg 109)
Cartogram (RA38)
Other Thematic Maps (AIDS, Child Labor, Oil Production, etc)

35. Geospatial Technologies
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Used to determine absolute location
Made of a network satellites, which send out radio signals to
Uses:
Used by scientists to determine the size of earthquakes  can try to determine how likely the earthquake is to produce a tsunami

36. Geospatial Technologies
Global Information Systems (GIS)
Computer software used in mapmaking
Organizes details about places on Earth—for example, floodplains, wetlands
Allows for many different types of maps to be created digitally with a lot of different information