1. Chapter 2-1 Notes
The Enlightenment
Lecture 2
Standard

2. Standard
Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simón Bolívar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison).
Essential Question: Who were the major philosophers of the Enlightenment, and how did their ideas contribute to modern Democracy?

3. Scientific Revolution
Scientific successes convinced educated Europeans of the power of REASON
Natural Law
Sparked “Enlightenment”
Sir Isaac Newton

4. Five Concepts of Enlightenment Philosophy
Reason=discover truth
Nature=natural laws (reasonable)
Happiness=well-being on earth, not just in afterlife
Progress=society could be perfected
Liberty= society could be set free from restrictions

5. Hobbes V. Locke Hobbes Locke Believed in powerful government
Pessimistic view on human nature
Locke
Natural Rights
Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness
Best kind of government
Limited Power
Influenced
US Constitution
Declaration of Independence
English Bill of Rights

6. The Philosophies Montesquieu Voltaire Diderot Rousseau
Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt.
Checks and Balances
Voltaire
Exercised freedom of speech through his writing
Exiled by the Catholic Church and French Govt.
Diderot
Compiled the Encyclopedia
Helped Spread “Enlightenment”
Rousseau
The Social Contract
Believed people were basically good
Minimal government control

7. Lazy Fair Laissez Faire Adam Smith
A policy that allows business to operate without govt. control
Adam Smith
Scottish Economist
Trade, manufacturing, wages, profits, and economic growth are linked together
Supply/Demand

9. Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Women, (1792)
Argued for women’s rights in education & marriage
Social Gatherings
Salons
Legacy
Women’s rights groups in North American & Europe

11. Impact of the Enlightenment
Belief in progress
A secular outlook
Importance of the individual
Ideas inspired revolutions

12. Standards Check
Describe the differences between John Locke and Thomas Hobbes view of the government? Which do you agree with?
What was Rousseau’s argument? Do you agree?

13. Person A
Discuss John Locke’s beliefs on the role of the government.

14. Person A
How did the founding fathers utilize Montesquieu’s ideas?

15. Person B
Describe Thomas Hobbes beliefs on the role of government.

16. Person B
What are your personal opinions on Rousseau’s Social Contract?

17. Vocabulary Nicolaus Copernicus Galileo Galilei Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu
Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Mary Wollenstoncraft
Adam Smith
Simon Bolivar
Denis Diderot