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Volume 139, Issue 6, Pages e1 (December 2010)

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1 Volume 139, Issue 6, Pages 2102-2112.e1 (December 2010)
Chronic Gastrointestinal Inflammation Induces Anxiety-Like Behavior and Alters Central Nervous System Biochemistry in Mice  Premysl Bercik, Elena F. Verdu, Jane A. Foster, Joseph Macri, Murray Potter, Xiaxing Huang, Paul Malinowski, Wendy Jackson, Patricia Blennerhassett, Karen A. Neufeld, Jun Lu, Waliul I. Khan, Irene Corthesy–Theulaz, Christine Cherbut, Gabriela E. Bergonzelli, Stephen M. Collins  Gastroenterology  Volume 139, Issue 6, Pages e1 (December 2010) DOI: /j.gastro Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

2 Figure 1 Inflammation in T muris–infected mice. MPO activity and the chronic mononuclear infiltrate in the proximal colon of uninfected control and T muris (Tm)–infected mice, treated with placebo, etanercept, budesonide, and probiotics. (*P < .01 vs control). Gastroenterology  , e1DOI: ( /j.gastro ) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

3 Figure 2 Behavior in T muris–infected mice. (A) Exploratory behavior in control and T muris–infected mice treated with placebo, etanercept, budesonide, and probiotics (*P < .05 vs control, #P < .05 vs Tm + placebo). (B) Overall locomotor activity in control and T muris–infected mice. (C) Effect of vagotomy on control and T muris–infected mice (*P < .01 vs control). Gastroenterology  , e1DOI: ( /j.gastro ) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

4 Figure 3 BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus. (A) Representative photographs of BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus of different treatment groups. (B) Hippocampal BDNF levels in control and T muris–infected mice (*P < .05 vs control, #P < .05 vs Tm + placebo). Gastroenterology  , e1DOI: ( /j.gastro ) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

5 Figure 4 Circulating cytokines and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in T muris infection. (A) Serum TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in T muris–infected mice and controls (*P < .05 vs control). (B) Serum kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in control and T muris–infected mice (*P < .05 vs control, #P < .05 vs Tm + placebo). Gastroenterology  , e1DOI: ( /j.gastro ) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

6 Figure 5 Effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on serum protein profiles. Serum protein profile assessed by principle component analysis in uninfected controls and T muris–infected mice. Levels of serum proteins, either those related to inflammation (ceruloplasmin, kininogen) or to neural function (serine protease inhibitor 3 and afamin) in control and T muris–infected mice. Gastroenterology  , e1DOI: ( /j.gastro ) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions


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