1. Volume 143, Issue 5, Pages 1188-1198 (November 2012)
Altered Cognitive Function of Prefrontal Cortex During Error Feedback in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Based on fMRI and Dynamic Causal Modeling 
Emiko Aizawa, Yasuhiro Sato, Takanori Kochiyama, Naohiro Saito, Masahiro Izumiyama, Joe Morishita, Motoyori Kanazawa, Keisetsu Shima, Hajime Mushiake, Michio Hongo, Shin Fukudo 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 143, Issue 5, Pages (November 2012)
DOI: /j.gastro
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2. Figure 1
Schematic view of hypothesized models. Solid arrows represent connections affected by set-shifting; dotted arrows represent connections unaffected by set shifting modulation. White and blue arrowheads show driving input.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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3. Figure 2
Activation of the regional brain during the WCST. Axial planes show single-group analyses by (A) E1 condition and (B) E1–C1 contrast, and conjunction analyses by (C) E1 condition and (D) E1–C1 contrast.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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4. Figure 3
Difference in whole brain analysis (left panel) and ROI analysis (right panel) between controls and IBS subjects. IBS subjects showed less activity in the (A) right DLPFC, (B) sustained activation of the left insula during E1, and (C) less activation of the right hippocampus in the E1–C1 condition. GEE of changes (%) in the BOLD signal revealed a significant group × period interaction in the DLPFC (P < .0001), insula (P < .0001), and hippocampus (P < .0001). Data represent means ± standard error. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P = .001 vs controls, ΔP < .01 vs C3–5, †P < .01 vs C1–5, ¶P < .001 vs C1, §P ≤ .001 vs C2–5, at post hoc testing.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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5. Figure 4
Difference in effective connectivity evaluated by dynamic causal modeling. Data represent means ± standard error of both groups. (A) Coupling parameters of intrinsic connectivity. Parameters from the right pre-SMA to caudate in IBS subjects (highlighted with arrow) were significantly stronger than those in controls (*P = .002, t test, Bonferroni correction). (B) Coupling parameters of modulation connectivity. IBS subjects showed significantly lower modulation of connection from the DLPFC to pre-SMA (*P = .012, Bonferroni correction) than controls. (C) Anatomic scheme of weaker modulation connectivity (thick dotted line) and stronger intrinsic connectivity (solid line) between key brain regions related to behavioral selection in IBS subjects.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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6. Supplementary Figure 1
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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7. Supplementary Figure 2
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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8. Supplementary Figure 3
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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9. Supplementary Figure 4
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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10. Supplementary Figure 5
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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