1. 10.5 – NOTES Fucntional Groups

2. C.6 Builder Molecules Containing Oxygen
Functional group
An atom or group of atoms that give characteristic properties to organic compounds
R represents the rest of the molecule joined to the functional group

3. Alcohols
Functional group- OH, hydroxyl group
Don’t confuse with hydroxide, found in bases
General formula- R - OH
Naming
Name the carbon chain as an alkane
Take off the –e at the end
Add the ending –ol
Add a number if necessary, indicating the location of the functional group.
Examples
Ethanol

4. Aldehydes
General formula- R - CHO
Naming
Name the carbon chain as an alkane
Take off the –e at the end
Add the ending –al
There are no numbers present
Examples

5. Carboxylic acids
General formula- R - COOH
Naming
Name the carbon chain as an alkane
Take off the –e at the end
Add –oic acid to the end
No numbers present
Examples

6. Esters
General formula- R – COO – R’
  Fragrance
Naming
Name the side without the double bonded oxygen first
Find the prefix for the number of carbons
Add the ending –yl to the prefix
Name the side with the double bond last
Name the alkane chain
Remove the –e
Add the ending –oate
No numbers
Examples - next page!

7. Examples

8. methoxyethane ethoxypropane
Ethers
General formula – R – O – R’
Naming
Find the shortest chain of carbons
Find the prefix for the number of carbons
Add the ending –oxy
Name the largest chain as an alkane and put the two parts together
No numbers
Examples
 methoxyethane ethoxypropane

9. 2 – pentanone 2 - butanone Ketones General formula – R – C – O – R’
Naming
Name the alkane chain
Remove the –e at the end
Add the ending –one
Number the location of the functional group if there are more than 4 carbons in the chain
Examples
2 – pentanone butanone

10. C.7 Condensation Polymers
Formed by water forming from 2 molecules combining
Example- PET used in soft drink bottles
May be broken down chemically and used as another source of builder molecules

11. Condensation of Nylon