1. Japan under Tokugawa
A Japanese daimyo had the motto, “Rule the empire by force.”
What do you think of this motto? Have you seen or heard of it put into practice?

2. How close is Japan to China?
How might this affect Japanese culture?

3. Borrowing Chinese Ideas
They had a Chinese style of Gov’t, w/an Emperor & educated bureaucracy
They used Chinese writing
They used Chinese architecture
Borrowing Chinese Ideas

4. The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
Feudal Society
Absolute Authority!
Shogun
Shogun--Supreme general of Emperor’s army

5. Japan: Oda Nobunaga (1568-1582)
“Rule the empire by force.”
- Oda Nobunaga
3,000 soldiers armed with muskets crushed enemy force of samurai cavalry
This was important because it was the 1st time firearms were used effectively in battle in Japan
Committed seppuku (ritual suicide of samurai)

6. Tokugawa Shogunate: Tokugawa Ieyasu unified Japan
Defeated his rivals at Battle of Sekigahara
His victory earned him the loyalty of the daimyo (landowning Samurai) throughout Japan
1603 – Became the Shogun (military leader)
Moved the capital to Edo (later Tokyo)
Daimyo forced to live in Edo under Shogun’s watchful eye every other year (Alternate Attendance Policy)
The Tokugawa Shogunate became a military dictatorship form of government

7. Tokugawa Shogunate: Closed Door Policy
The shoguns realized that they could safely exclude both missionaries & merchants
They sealed Japan’s borders
Commercial contact with the Europeans ended
For 200+ years, Japan remained closed & citizens could not leave, isolating Japan from the rest of the world
Japan continued to develop self-sufficiently

8. General Causes of Population Increase in both China & Japan
Agriculture Improved
Irrigation & fertilizer use increased
Farmers produced more food
Nutrition improved, which led to new crops – corn and sweet potatoes (from Europe)**
People lived longer, families expanded
**Columbian Exchange

9. Impact on Social Structure: Tokugawa Japan
Societal Structure
Emperor – top rank (figurehead only)
Actual ruler was shogun – military commander
Daimyo – landholding samurai
Samurai warriors
Peasants (4/5 of population) & Artisans
Merchants
Role of Women
With rise of commercial centers, found jobs in entertainment, textile manufacturing, & publishing
Most led sheltered lives as peasant wives
* Confucian values important
*Farmers made ideal citizens

10. Questions
5) What three people or groups of people controlled Japanese society? 6) What was the relationship of the samurai to the other classes in Japanese society?