1. Evidence of Evolution 2 Types of Evolution: Insecticide Resistance :
- Microevolution Macroevolution
Microevolution: small scale changes usually caused by humans
Insecticide Resistance :
Some insects become resistant to chemical poisons when they originally were not
Ex: Insects that live in citrus trees in California have a mutated gene that allows for a reduced need for O2

2. Evidence of Evolution Microevolution cont’d: Drug Resistance:
Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics used during WWII
These antibiotics cannot be used anymore
Melanism:
Coloration changes within populations
Peppered Moth (England)
In the1800s, most peppered moths were light and matched light tree colors
By the 1900s, many trees were covered in black dust from industries
Population shifted from light to dark

3. Evidence of Evolution Macroevolution:
Evolutionary changes to the species level
Similar Species:
Why so many similar species if they didn’t have a similar ancestor?
Biogeography:
Similar geographic climates & environments have similar organisms, but they are considered different species
Biochemistry:
DNA, RNA, and amino acid structure is the same for all living organisms
Ex: Gorillas and humans differ in only 1 amino acid for blood protein

4. Evidence of Evolution Macroevolution cont’d:
Homology: study of similarities Ex: Almost all vertebrates have 4 limbs
Homologous structures: structures similar in appearance; not function
Vestigial Structures:
Structures that are no longer useful
Ex: Coccyx & appendix in humans; Femur & pelvic bones in whales
Embryology:
Many vertebrates have similar embryos

5. Evidence of Evolution Macroevolution cont’d: Fossil Record:
Remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past
Reveal succession of original simpler forms into current forms of species