1. Reproduction 9.1 Organisms reproduce in different ways. 9.2
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Reproduction
the BIG idea
Reproductive systems allow the production of offspring.
9.1
Organisms reproduce in different ways.
9.2
Plants can reproduce in several ways.
9.3
Human reproduction is a complex process.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
CHAPTER RESOURCES

2. 9.1 CALIFORNIA Content Standards
Organisms reproduce in different ways.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
7.2.a Students know the differences between the life cycles and reproduction methods of sexual and asexual organisms.
7.2.b Students know sexual reproduction produces offspring that inherit half their genes from each parent.
gamete
fertilization
zygote
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

3. 9.1 Organisms reproduce in different ways.
• All living things can produce offspring.
gamete
• Asexual reproduction is efficient, but offspring lack genetic diversity.
fertilization
• Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation in offspring.
zygote
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE

4. 9.1 Organisms reproduce in different ways.
• All living things can produce offspring.
gamete
• Asexual reproduction is efficient, but offspring lack genetic diversity.
fertilization
• Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation in offspring.
zygote
VISUALIZATION
Observe the process of binary fission.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE

5. Plants can reproduce in several ways.
9.2
Plants can reproduce in several ways.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
7.5.f Students know the structures and processes by which flowering plants generate pollen, ovules, seeds, and fruit.
vegetative propagation
pollen
seed
embryo
ovule
fruit
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE

6. Plants can reproduce in several ways.
9.2
Plants can reproduce in several ways.
Some plants reproduce using spores, while others use pollen and seeds to produce offspring.
vegetative propagation
pollen
seed
embryo
ovule
fruit
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

7. Plants can reproduce in several ways.
9.2
Plants can reproduce in several ways.
for the plant embryo.
A seed provides
protection
and nutrients
vegetative propagation
stored nutrients
pollen
seed
embryo
ovule
fruit
plant embryo
protective covering
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

8. Plants can reproduce in several ways.
9.2
Plants can reproduce in several ways.
for the plant embryo.
A seed provides
protection
and nutrients
vegetative propagation
pollen
seed
embryo
ovule
VISUALIZATION
Watch a time-lapse video of a seed sprouting.
fruit
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE

9. Plants can reproduce in several ways.
9.2
Plants can reproduce in several ways.
In angiosperms, flowers produce pollen. Flowers and fruit attract animals.
vegetative propagation
pollen
seed
embryo
ovule
fruit
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE

10. Human reproduction is a complex process.
9.3
Human reproduction is a complex process.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
7.5.a Students know plants and animals have levels of organization for structure and function, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism.
7.5.d Students know how the reproductive organs of the human female and male generate eggs and sperm and how sexual activity may lead to fertilization and pregnancy.
7.5.e Students know the function of the umbilicus and placenta during pregnancy.
menstruation
placenta
umbilical cord
fetus
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

11. Human reproduction is a complex process.
9.3
Human reproduction is a complex process.
The female produces eggs, and the male produces sperm.
menstruation
• Sexual intercourse can lead to fertilization and pregnancy.
placenta
umbilical cord
• Following fertilization, the fetus develops over
a period of about nine months.
fetus
uterus
fallopian
tube
egg
ovary
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE

12. Human reproduction is a complex process.
9.3
Human reproduction is a complex process.
The female produces eggs, and the male produces sperm.
menstruation
• Sexual intercourse can lead to fertilization and pregnancy.
placenta
umbilical cord
• Following fertilization, the fetus develops over
a period of about nine months.
fetus
VISUALIZATION
Follow an egg from fertilization to implantation.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE

13. 9.1 Organisms reproduce in different ways.
I. Organisms reproduce in different ways.
gamete
A. There are many forms of asexual reproduction.
fertilization
1. Types of Asexual Reproduction
zygote
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction
B. Sexual reproduction always involves an exchange of DNA.
1. Sexual Reproduction Between Males and Females
2. Other Methods of Genetic Exchange
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

14. Plants can reproduce in several ways.
9.2
Plants can reproduce in several ways.
II. Plants can reproduce in several ways.
vegetative propagation
A. Plants can reproduce asexually from different parts.
pollen
1. Tubers and Bulbs
seed
2. Runners and Rhizomes
embryo
3. Fragmentation
ovule
B. Some plants need water to reproduce sexually.
fruit
1. Mosses and Other Nonvascular Plants
2. Ferns, Horsetails, and Club Mosses
C. Seeds and pollen are reproductive adaptations.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
D. Gymnosperms are ancient seed-producing plants.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
E. Angiosperms produce flowers and fruit.

15. Human reproduction is a complex process.
9.3
Human reproduction is a complex process.
III. Human reproduction is a complex process.
menstruation
A. The reproductive system has specialized cells and structures.
placenta
1. The Female Reproductive System
umbilical cord
2. Egg Production
fetus
3. Menstruation
4. The Male Reproductive System
B. The production of offspring includes sexual intercourse, fertilization, pregnancy, and birth.
1. Fertilization
2. Pregnancy
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
3. Labor and Delivery
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
4. Multiple Births

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