1. Unicellular Review

2. Unicellular Definition: Organism made up of only 1 cell Examples:
All prokaryotes are unicellular
Bacteria and Archea
Protists (most are)

3. Types of unicellulars

4. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Size:
1-10 um
Type:
Bacteria and Archea
Genetic Material:
Not bound in nucleus
Organelles
Missing
Metabolism
Anaerobic
Eukaryotes
Size: um
Type:
Protists (and others)
Genetic Material:
Contained in a Nucleus
Organelles:
Present
Metabolism:
Aerobic

5. The prokaryotes

6. Prokaryotes unite Types: Bacteria and Archea Motion: Flagella Shape:
Spherical – cocci
Rod shaped – bacilli
Spiral shaped - spirilli
Aggregations - Strept
Reproduction mode:
Binary fission (optimal conditions)
Conjugation

7. 1.Bacteria Cell Type: Prokaryotes Characteristics: Nutrition:
Peptidoglycan in the cell walls
Mesophile
Gram + (purple) thick cell walls
Gram – (pink) thin cell walls
Nutrition:
Autotroph (photosynthesis) and Heterotrophs
Reproduction:
Endospores

8. 2.Archea Cell Type: Prokaryotes Characteristics: Nutrition:
No peptidoglycan in the cell walls
Extremophile
Nutrition:
Autotroph (methanogenesis) and Heterotrophs

9. Unicellular Eukaryotes

10. Protists Mostly unicellular Types of protisits: Animal-Like Protists
(algae is the current debate)
Types of protisits:
Animal-Like Protists
Heterotroph (eat other organisms)
Fungi-Like Protists
Heterotroph (absorb nutrients from other organisms and consuming other organisms)
Plant-Like Protists
Autotroph (heterotroph is extreme cases)

11. Animal-Like Protists (a.k.a. Protozoans)
Types
Cercozoan (e.g. Ameoba)
Create pseudopods for motion and nutrition
Habitat: water (salt and fresh), mud and hosts
Ciliates (e.g. Paramecium)
Cilia for motion
Largest type
Parasitic or free-living
Flagellates
Have flagella for motion
Some are parasitic, mutualists or free-living
Sporozoan
Parasitic (e.g. plasmodium)

12. Fungus-like Protists Absorb nutrients Types Fungus-Like because
Produce spores
Not like fungus become
Different cell constitution then fungus
Types
Plasmodial slime
Cellular slime
Water moulds

13. Plant-Like Protists Nutrition: via photosynthesis Types:
Many contain chlorophyll
Types:
Diatoms
Rigid cell walls with an outer layer of silica
Dinoflagellates
Have two flagellates
(e.g. red tide, coral-protist)
Euglenoids
Shallow fresh waters
Has an eye-spot to detect light
Autotroph when enough light, heterotroph when light decreases
Algea

14. Outside the grid
Viruses and Prions

15. 1. Viruses A) Non-living arguments B) Living arguments
1. Cannot live independently (require a host or remain dormant)
2. Not Cellular
B) Living arguments
1. Contain genetic material (RNA and DNA)
2. Reproduce

16. Classifying viruses Classification based on 1. Capsids
Protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus
Spherical
Cylindrical
Crystalline

17. Classifying viruses 2. Diseases they cause
Viruses that affect humans are divided into 21 groups based on the differences in their genome and replication methods

18. The lytic cycle 1. Attachment 2. Entry 3. Replication 4. Assembly
5.a) Lysis
5. b) Release

19. The lysogenic cycle
Attachment
Entry
Provirus Formation

20. Virus working for us Virus use in biotechnology
ability to direct the activity of the hosts cell DNA
Addition of a specific gene into the virus
Virus can deliver and force organism to replicate that gene

21. Prions
Prions
Protein
Do not contain RNA or DNA (not a virus)
Becomes harmful when it changes its molecular shape
Cause several deadly brain diseases
Creutzfeld-Jakob disease
Mad-cow disease in bovine