1. Expanding Markets & Moving Westward
Chapter 9

2. The Market Revolution
Section 1

3. U.S. Markets Expand Market Specialization Revolution Nation
Industrializes
Specialization
Market
Revolution

4. U.S. Markets Expand Market Revolution Capitalism Entrepreneurs
Economic system where private businesses & individuals control means of production to earn profits
Businessmen who invested their own money in new industries

5. U.S. Markets Expand Effects Of Market Revolution
Increased Demand for Food
Effects Of
Market
Revolution
New Agricultural Technology
Prices Drop

6. Inventions and Improvements
For both comfort and economic growth
Charles Goodyear = vulcanized rubber
Elias Howe = sewing machine
I.M. Singer = foot treadle
Samuel F.B. Morse = telegraph
Alexander Graham Bell = telephone

7. Benefits of Inventions
Telegraph
Vulcanized rubber
Sewing Machine
Foot Treadle
Instant contact, transmit orders, up-to-date information, safety hazards
Didn’t freeze in cold; didn’t melt in heat. Leads to automobile tires
Faster production of clothing; first found in shoe factories
Drastically reduced time needed to sew garments

8. Economic Revolution INVENTION BENEFITS Steamboat Canals Railroad
Increased travel speed; faster than horse & buggy
More direct routes to farther areas; connected Northeast to Midwest
Speed advantage over boats; operate in winter; 4 times faster

9. New Markets Link Regions
U.S. regions became interdependent
South: cotton
Midwest: Grain & Livestock
Northeast: Textiles & machinery
John Deere invents steel plow
Cyrus McCormick invents mechanical reaper

10. Manifest Destiny
Section 2

11. The Frontier Lures Settlers
Manifest destiny
The belief that U.S. destiny was to expand to the Pacific Ocean & into Mexican territory
After annexation of Texas in 1845
Why move west?
Abundance of land
Escape financial issues
Asian trade opportunities

12. Settlers & Native Americans
Continue to force N.A. west
Lead to Black Hawk War
Black Hawk leads rebellion
Defeated by IL militia
Sauk & Fox forced West
Issue of Middle Ground
Land neither group controlled
Settlers depend on NAs, relations are good
Ft. Laramie Treaty
NAs get lands in Central Plains
Agree not to attack settlers
US doesn’t honor treaty

13. Trails West Santa Fe Trail Oregon Trail 780 mile trail from MO to NM
Seeking wealth
Silver, gold, furs
Oregon Trail
Independence, MO to Portland, OR
Methodist ministers, farmers, settlers
Seeking fertile land or converts

14. Mormon Migration Escape persecution Founded by Joseph Smith in NY
Move to IL, where killed
Brigham Young leads west
Settle in Salt Lake City, UT

15. Resolving Territorial Disputes
Issue of Oregon Territory
“joint occupation” with Britain
“Fifty-Four Forty of Fight”
Latitude 54° 40’
British lose interest in territory
US gains OR

16. Expansion in Texas
Section 3

17. Americans Settle in Southwest
Stephen F. Austin first to settle Texas
Mexico wins independence
NAs threaten settlers’ safety
US-Mexico trade increases
Mexico wants control of northern provinces
Encourages US settlers in Texas
Emprasarios given land grants
Must follow laws & religion

18. Austin in Texas Most successful empresario Built on moral values
Settlers given land & tax exemptions
Mexico refuses to sell Texas to U.S.

19. Texas Fights for Independence
Cultural differences in Texas
Language
Religion
Slavery
Mexico bans settlers
Ineffective police
Austin vs. Santa Anna
Austin wants self- governance
Santa Anna wants obedience
Both raise armies

20. “Remember the Alamo” 1835: armies meet in San Antonio
12 days of fighting at The Alamo
All 187 Texans die
Including Jim Bowie & Davy Crockett
Rallying cry for Texans

21. Texas Fights for Independence
Continue to fight for freedom
Battle of San Jacinto
Texans led by Sam Houston
Defeat Santa Anna in roughly 15 minutes
Capture Santa Anna
Treaty of Velasco
Texas granted independence
Houston becomes president

22. Texas Joins the Union Becomes Republic of Texas
Multiple requests to annex
Issue of slavery
J.Q.A. = anti-slavery
Daniel Webster = anti- slavery
Possible war with Mexico
Annexed in 1845
James K. Polk annexes Texas

23. The War with Mexico
Section 4

24. Polk Urges War 1845: U.S. annexes Texas Hostilities again with Mexico
Why does Polk want war?
Add NM & CA
Border dispute
Rio Grande or Neuces River
Slidell’s rejection
Spanish speaking rep.
Refused by Herrera

25. Sectional Attitudes Northern view Southern view Opposed war
Lincoln questions justification
No expansion of slavery
Propose Wilmot Proviso
Southern view
Expand slavery
Power in Congress

26. War Begins Zachary Taylor provokes war Blockades Rio Grande
John C. Fremont leads expedition in CA
Another violation of territorial rights?
11 soldiers killed
War declared

27. War Breaks Out Kearny Marches West War in Mexico
Colonel Stephen Kearny enters NM
“Long Marcher”
Takes NM w/o shot
With Fremont take CA
Proclaim Bear Flag Republic
War in Mexico
US very successful
Emergence of Lee & Grant
Capture Monterrey, Buena Vista, Veracruz & Mexico City

28. Spoils of War Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Gadsden Purchase
Rio Grande set as Southern border
US pays $15 mil. for cession
CA, NV, NM, UT, AZ
Gadsden Purchase
Established current border of 48 states
Election of 1848
Zachary Taylor wins
Mexican War hero

30. California Gold Rush 1848: James Marshall discovers gold
Mass migration to CA
“Forty-niners”
Population boom
1850: CA becomes free state