1. Ch. 1 Biology: The Science of Life
There is an estimated 40 million species of organisms that exist on Earth. Only about 2 million of those have been named.
What does this tell you?
What is Biology?
The study of life

2. Living organisms where recorded about 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago.
According to fossil evidence.
The Earth is thought to be 5 billion years old.

3. 7 Themes of Biology
1. Evolution
2. Reproduction & Inheritance
3. Development
4. Structure & Function
5. Energy Relationships
6. Ecology
7. Science & Society

4. Evolution Evolution is the theory that species change over time.
Natural Selection – is the theory that if organisms have better inherited traits they are able to survive better and thus pass those traits on (reproduce). “Survival of the fittest”. Ex. Living – Extinct - Molecular
Receiving better traits is called adaptations. Those organisms that don’t adapt, don’t survive to pass on their traits.

5. Better traits get pass on because of adaptations. Pg. 8
By studying fossils of an organism we can determine whether an organism evolved or adapted over time.
Every thing changes  Computers, electronics, machines, cars, ect.

6. Reproduction & Inheritance
Reproduction involves the transfer of genetic information from parent to offspring.
Genetic information is stored in DNA. Each parent passes on a gamete containing DNA.
Genes are short segments of DNA that contain chemical messages for certain traits.
Ex. Brown eyes, blonde hair
Chromosomes  DNA  Traits  Genes

7. There are 2 types of reproduction
1. Sexual  egg gamete & sperm gamete
2. Asexual  where genetic information from different organisms is not combined
Ex. Organism divides into 2 separate organisms
The receiving of traits from the parents is called?
Inheritance

8. Development What are all organisms composed of? Cells
An organism with many cells is called?
Multicellular
An organism with only one cell is called?
Unicellular
By what process do cells divide?
Mitosis

9. Structure & Function
Morphology describes the structure and form of an organism.
Ex. The morphology of a frog’s leg. (function & form)
The anatomy of an organism deals with the internal make up of an organism.
Ex. Frog’s heart

10. Energy Relationship
Where do all organism essentially get their energy from?
Sun  mainly by photosynthesis
What are organisms called that acquire energy by making their own food?
Autotrophs – Examples???
What are organisms called that acquire energy by eating other organisms?
Heterotrophs – Examples???

11. Ecology What is ecology?
The study of the interactions among organisms and their environment in which they live.
By studying an organisms environment & its interactions with other organisms scientists are able to produce a safe & healthy environment for organisms to live in.

12. Science & Society What is ethics?
Study of what is right or wrong from our moral choices.
What is bioethics?
The use of ethics in biological concerns.
Issues of concern
Cloning -- discuss ; Euthanasia – discuss
Abortion – discuss ; Aids – discuss
Stem cell – discuss ; cryogenics -- discuss

13. Characteristics of Life
1. All organisms must have cells.
2. All organisms are organized, in which specific parts like cells perform specific functions.
3. Need the right amount of energy and use it by the process of metabolism.
4. Must be able to respond to the environment by homeostasis.
What is a response?
Reaction to a stimulus – pg. 12

14. 5. Growth must occur by mitosis and cell enlargement.
6. Reproduction must occur in order for their genes to be passed on to the next generation.
7. Adaptation must occur in order for an organism to survive to reproduce.
Ex. Snakes with legs – vestigial organ
More fully developed in the ancestors.