1. Pyrrhophyta: Dinophyceae Dinoflagellates

2. General Structure

4. General Characteristics
Most are solitary
Most have two flagella of unequal lentgth
Cellulose cell wall of thecal plates; or naked
Ceratium
exhibits cyclomorphosis
blooms color water brown, have fish/septic odor
Food reserves are iodine negative starch

5. Peridinium

6. Ceratium

7. Red Tide

9. Red Tide
In marine ecosystems, can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)
Gonyaulax tamarensis

10. Pfiesteria
Noctiluca, sea sparkle
Pfisteria is heterotrophic
an ambush predator.
secretes a toxin that paralyzes the respiratory system of susceptible fish (e.g., Menhaden)
feeds on sloughed cells from dead fish

12. Reproduction
Asexual by binary fission
Sexual 