1. Body Systems in Vertebrate Animals

2. 1. Vertebrates Have backbones (composed of living cells)
Endoskeletons – bone and cartilage inside of body
Vertebral columns and skulls
                                                                                                                                                         
                                              
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3. 2. Function of Blood
1. Carries food, oxygen, waste, carbon dioxide, and other materials to/from the body’s cells
Oxygenated blood – carries oxygen
Deoxygenated blood – carries carbon dioxide

4. 3. Heart Arteries – carry blood away from the heart
Veins – carry blood to the heart
Chambers – spaces in heart (muscle walls)
2 Chambers – fish
3 Chambers – reptiles/adult amphibians
4 Chambers – mammals and birds

5. 4.Respiratory Systems - Gills

6. 4. Respiratory Systems - Gills
For vertebrates that live in the water
Capillaries (blood vessels) give away carbon dioxide and take oxygen from the water

7. 5. Respiratory System - Lungs
Air chambers in the body where blood receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide
Lungs of birds, reptiles, and mammals are all different
Diaphragm – mammals and humans…muscle to help breathe

8. 5. Respiratory System - Lungs

9. 6. Central Nervous System
Controls an organism’s reactions
Spinal cord and brain
Skull protects the brain; bones of vertebral column protect the spine

10. 7. Peripheral Nervous System
Comprised of nerves that branch off of the central nervous system
Cranial nerves – connect brain with sensory organs in head
Spinal nerves – branch from the spine
Sensory organs (eyes, ears, etc)

11. 8. Digestion Flow mouth esophagus
small intestine (help from liver, gallbladder, pancreas)
large intestine
anus

13. 9. Helpers Liver – produces bile; helps to break down fats
Gallbladder – temporarily stores the bile produced by the liver
Pancreas – produces enzymes that help break down sugars, starches, proteins, and fats

14. 10. Excretion Kidneys – filters waste
Ureter – tubes, waste (urine) flows through
Bladder – urine (fluid) collects before exiting body