1. A New Type of War
Chapter 16 Section 2

2. Review Causes of WWI (MAIN)
Assassination of Archduke Frances Ferdinand
Germany’s Plan - Schlieffen Plan
Defeat France first, then go after Russia
Central Powers and the Allied Powers

3. War on Two Fronts The Western Front The Eastern Front
An area b/w France, Germany & Belgium where most of the war was fought
Trench warfare dominated the western front
The Eastern Front
An area where war with Russia took place
It had mobility, not bogged down in the trenches

4. The Trenches Trenches – ditches where soldiers lived and fought
Protected by barbed wire, machine-gun nests, and backed up by heavy artillery
Trenches b/c very elaborate and went on for miles and miles
The space b/w the opposing trenches was known as “no man’s land”

5. Trench Warfare Unlike any other war ever!
Military leaders did not know how to fight this kind of war
The only plan they could think of was to…
Assault the enemy w/ artillery, then…
Have soldiers run across “no man’s land” to the enemy’s trenches and try to conquer them
This did not usually work b/c those running across “no man’s land” were easily killed
WWI b/c a war of attrition – war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses

6. German Soldiers Resting in a Trench

7. German troops inspect a conquered French trench on a farm.

8. German Sharp Shooter

9. German Rat Hunt in the Trenches

10. German solider hurls a grenade

11. German soldiers attacking

12. “No Man’s Land”

13. New Weapons in the War Machine Gun – trench warfare Airplane Tank
At first used to spot the enemy, then used to hit ground targets
Dogfights – battles in the air b/w planes
At first pilots shot at each other w/ handguns, but soon machine guns were mounted on planes
The Zeppelin – Germans b/g using these giant airships to drop bombs, but zeppelins were filled w/ hydrogen gas and quickly b/c raging infernos when hit by ammo
Tank
Chemical Warfare (mustard gas, etc.)
Submarines
Germans most advanced, called “u-boats”

14. The Lusitania – May 7, 1915 Sinking of the Lusitania
German u-boats sank the British “passenger” ship Lusitania
German’s were using unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany sent out a warning to countries letting them know they would attempt to sink any ship in the warzone
It resulted in 1,100 civilian deaths, over 100 of them being Americans
But…the Lusitania was carrying war materials to England
Is this ship just a passenger ship?  NO!
Continued use of unrestricted submarine warfare is the main reason US entered WWI

15. The Lusitania

16. Zimmerman Telegram
January 1917 – Arthur Zimmerman, a German official, sent a telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico
It told the ambassador to ask the Mexican govt. to ally itself w/ Germany if the US entered WWI
Why?
Mexico is a great location to wage war against the US
Mexican troops would be able to distract US troops and prevent them from being sent to Europe
The telegram was intercepted by British intelligence and the story was leaked to American newspapers
Americans were furious!

17. US Enters WWI
1917 – Americans are mad and b/g to b/l war w/ Germany is imminent
Mad b/c of the Lusitania and Zimmerman Telegram
February 1917 – Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare
This sank 6 American merchant ships w/o warning
April 1917 – US enters WWI
US declares war on Germany

18. A War Society
Total War – warfare that requires the participation of an entire society
Everyone in the country is completely involved in the war, not just the military and the soldiers
Ration books, women at work, govt. set prices, victory gardens, etc.
Propaganda – the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause
Trying to make people believe like you do!
Propaganda is used by all sides in WWI

19. US Navy WWI Propaganda

20. US Army WWI Propaganda

21. But the Fourteen Points were received with mixed reviews
But the Fourteen Points were received with mixed reviews. Hard-nosed Republicans mocked him by referring to the “Fourteen Commandments of God Almighty Wilson.”
In order to successfully mobilize people’s minds for war, a Committee on Public Information was established.
Its purpose was to sell America on the idea of the war and to sell the world on Wilsonian war aims. Propaganda soon ran rampant.

23. Create your own propaganda!
Use one of the slogans I have provided for you
Create a visual image that will provoke strong emotional feelings that correspond to your slogan
Remember, you want to make the viewer feel something by looking at your image
That feeling can be positive or negative

24. Create Your Own Propaganda
1. Is your “best boy” wearing khaki?
2. Don’t pity the girl who is alone--her young man is probably a soldier.
3. Do you expect other mothers’ sons to protect you and your sons?
4. Sweethearts, if he won’t go fight, discharge him as unfit!
5.Protect your children – join the war effort today!