1. Disaster Mitigation
in Health Facilities:
Wind Effects
Nonstructural Issues

2. Nonstructural elements to consider when assessing vulnerability
ARCHITECTURAL
EQUIPMENT
BASIC INSTALLATIONS
Façades
Roof covers
Parapets
Chimneys
Plaster
Glass windows
Attachments (signs, antennae,etc)
Ornaments
Canopies
Railings
Doors and exit routes
Medical equipment
Industrial equipment
Supplies
Office equipment
Medical and industrial gases
Air conditioning
Electrical generator
Hydraulic networks
Electric networks

3. Nonstructural vulnerability assessment methods
Previous experience
Visual inspection
Data collection
Non-destructive tests
Mathematical models
Structural analysis and design
Wind tunnel analysis
Retrofitting recommendations
Equipment classification

4. Standards and codes must cover components and claddings
The trend for international standards is to adopt and adapt the ASCE-7 approach for components and claddings.

5. Design pressure for components and cladding and design force for special and open structures (ASCE-7)
Design pressure
p = qh [(GCp) - (GCpi)]
Design force
F = qzGCf Af
Towers, signs, tanks, silos

6. Criteria for equipment classification
Indispensable: Equipment that can not easily or economically be replaced and is essential for the provision of health services.
Essential: Similar to indispensable equipment, except that it can be replaced easily or cheaply.
Hazardous: Equipment that can injure people and damage objects.
Chaotic: Equipment whose failure may cause disruption
to its environs.
Functional: Equipment that is not used for emergency
health care.

7. Hipped roof recommended over flat roof

8. Gabled roof with slopes of 20 to 30 degrees are preferred against hurricanes
Hatched area indicates
where more frequent
fixings are required
PLAN
ISOMETRIC
Gabled roof

9. Connection details between metal sheet roof and purlins
Metal sheet fixings and
purlin-to-rafter connection
Spacer block
Self-tapping screw
Metal sheeting
purlin
Galvanized hurricane strap
fixed to rafter and purlin
Rafter
Ridge connection
Valley connection

10. Typical connection system between metal sheet roof and masonry wall