2. Card 1 Water’s structure Continued on next slide
Partial positive and negative charge = polar
This causes water to stick to other water molecules = cohesion
Causes water to stick to other substances = adhesion (think of adhesive band aid)
Allows water to dissolve most substances = universal solvent
Water is less dense when it freezes, so ponds do not freeze from the bottom up; only the top freezes
Continued on next slide

3. Card 1 continued
Surface tension = water sticks to its self (cohesion) and forms a film on top of the water, which allows insects to walk on it (adhesion)
Capillary action = water sticks to is self (cohesion) and is pulled up the vascular tissue in plants (adhesion)
Hydrogen bonds holds individual water molecules together

4. Card 2 The pH scale measures how acidic or basic something is
Acids are 0-7 on the scale
Neutral is 7 (water)
Bases are 7-14 on the scale
Remember that A comes before B.
Acid___________________Base

5. Card 3 Carbohydrate Lipid Organic because contains carbon Organic
Made up of CHO (in a ration of 1-2-1)
Made up of monosaccharide (monomer) ex glucose
Polysaccharide (polymer) ex starch
Provides short term energy, makes up cell wall in plants
Lipid
Organic
Made up of CHO (no specific ratio)
Made up of fatty acids (monomer)
Chain of fatty acids (polymer) ex fats
Provides long term energy storage, makes up the cell membrane

6. Card 4 Protein Nucleic acid Organic because contains carbon Organic
Made up of CHON
Made up of amino acids (monomer)
Polypeptide chain or amino acid chain (polymer) ex enzymes
Builds muscle and bones, enzymes = catalysts (speed up reactions)
Nucleic acid
Organic
Made up of CHONP
Made up of nucleotide (monomer)
DNA and RNA
Transmits and stores genetic information

7. Card 5 The lock and key model
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required to start a reaction
Enzymes are reused after reactions; stays the same

8. Card 6 Prokaryote Eukaryote (Euks have nukes)
Does not contain a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles
Has ribosomes, cell membrane, and some times cell wall, and DNA loose inside cell
Ex bacteria
Eukaryote (Euks have nukes)
Has a nucleus that contains DNA and other membrane bound organelles
Ribosomes = make protein
Plant cells have cell wall and chloroplast

9. Card 7 Cilia = tiny hairs that help cells move
Ex paramecium
Pseudopodia = movement of cytoplasm helps cells move
Ex amobea
Flagella = whip like structure that helps cells move
Ex euglena

10. Card 8 Respiratory Circulatory Made up of lungs, trachea, nose
Where exchange of gases takes place
Breathes out carbon dioxide and takes in oxygen
Circulatory
Made up of heart, blood, blood vessels
Transports nutrients and blood through out the body

11. Card 9 Digestive Excretory
Made up of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, liver, and large intestines
Where nutrients are broken down and absorbed by the body
Excretory
Made up of blood, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder
Where blood is filtered and waste is eliminated from the body

12. Card 10 Nervous Endocrine Made up of brain, spinal cord, nerves
Controls movement in the body (coordination) and communication
Endocrine
Made up of hormones, hormone secreting glands (thyroid, pituitary)
Regulates processes in the body

13. Card 11 Diffusion Osmosis
Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
Form of passive transport because it does not require energy
Osmosis
Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration
Form of diffusion; passive transport because it does not require energy
Hypertonic = more water inside the cell (less solute)
Hypotonic = more water outside the cell ( less solute)
Isotonic = equilibrium; same concentration of water in and out of cell

14. Card 12 Mitochondria Chloroplast
Cellular respiration (power house of cell)
ATP is created (energy)
Takes place in all organism (bacteria, plants and animals)
O2 + C6H12O6 → CO2
+ H2O + ATP
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis
Use sunlight to make their own food (glucose)
Takes place in plants
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight →
O2 + C6H12O6

15. Card 13
DNA structure
Watson and Crick discovered its shape as a Double Helix, which has a sugar and phosphate backbone with nitrogen bases in the center (rungs)
Made up of individual nucleotides
Base pairing rules (complimentary)
A – T
C - G