1. Chapter 14 Notes
Medieval Art in Europe

2. Objectives…WOOT!!!
Gain an understanding of the basic geography of Western Europe and be able to see ancient territories beneath the labels of modern states.
Understand the vastness of the vacuum due to the departure of Rome.
Grasp the unique characteristics of developments in the British Isles.
Appreciate the enormous consequence of Charlemagne's decision to resurrect the "Roman Empire."
Estimate how Charlemagne's new empire looked backwards toward Rome as well as surveyed the new values and attitudes attendant in the triumph of Christianity in Western Europe.

3. Groups to Know Barbarians: Those outside of the Roman Empire
Visigoths: Spain
Celts: Ireland/Scotland
Anglo-Saxons: Britain
Franks: Germany
Huns: Central Asia
Norse: Scandinavia

4. The Early Middle Ages
Decline of the Roman Empire in the 4th-5th centuries
Authority replaced by Barbarians
Celts controlled most of Europe
Goths lived around the Baltic Sea
Saw the better standard of living in the Roman Empire
Moved in
Beginning of feudalism

6. The Visigoths Lived outside the Roman Empire
Moved in across southern France and settled in Spain
Adopted Latin and accepted Roman Christianity
Superior metalworkers

7. Gilt, Bronze, Crystal, Garnets
Eagle Brooch
6TH Century
Spain
Gilt, Bronze, Crystal, Garnets

8. The Celts and Anglo-Saxons
Angles and Saxons from Germany
Occupied Britain
Hiberno-Saxon
Hibernia = Roman name for Ireland
Burial Ship at Sutton Hoo
90 ft. long
Designed for rowing
Weapons, armor, and other equipment to provide for a ruler’s after life

9. Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo Burial Ship
7th Century
England
Artist used cloisonne technique
Cells formed from gold wire to hold pieces of garnet or glass

11. Christianity Monasteries flourished in the Celtic world
Illustrated books among the best surviving artwork of the time
Used for missionary activities throughout the early Middle Ages
Spread the news of Christianity
Glorified the Word of God

12. Book of Kells One of the most beautiful Hiberno-Saxon Gospel books
Spiral Interlace
Chi-Rho Iota is most celebrated page
Greek Letter XPI
Introduces Matthew, beginning the account of Jesus’ birth
Each letter is outlined
Painter inserted numerous pictorial and symbolic references to Christ
Initials
Fish
Moths
Cross-Inscribed Eucharist wafer
Chalice
Angels

14. Carolingian Empire
Charles the Great, or Charlemagne, is King of the Franks
Crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope
Revives a strong, efficient government
Stimulates renewed interest in learning and art (esp. from ancient Rome)  Carolingian Renaissance
New capital at Aachen

16. Carolingian and Ottonian Art
Video: Professor Klass

17. Carolingian Architecture
Inspired by Roman and Early Christian architecture
Charlemagne’s palace complex at Aachen provides an example of this synthesis
Palace Complex
Charlemagne’s private chapel
Imperial mausoleum
Central-Plan with an octagonal twist

18. Palace Chapel of Charlemagne
Aachen

20. Lindau Gospels Manuscript covers were often made of valuable materials
Lindau gospels made at one of the monastic workshops
Crucifixion = Common theme
Gold figures formed using the repousse method
Angels hover over Jesus’ head

21. Crucifixion with Angels and Mourners
Lindau Gospels
870-80
Gold, Pearls, Sapphires, Garnets, and Emeralds

22. Gero Crucifix Archbishop Gero of Cologne commissioned the sculpture
6 ft. tall

23. Gero Crucifix
970
Germany
Oak

25. Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples
Peter protested
Elongated limbs
Figure unbinding his sandals
Figure holding a basin of water
Apostles look on with wide eyes…REALLY wide eyes

26. Christ Washing the Feet of his Disciples
1000
Vellum