1. Warm-Up
Think of a time when you met someone you didn’t like. Was there a reason for your feelings? Did they do something to make you upset?
Think of a time when you met someone you liked. Did you have an instant connection? Why do you think it was a positive experience?

3. Objective
Describe what makes one atom like and/or dislike other atoms.

4. Vocabulary Concept Map
Distinguishing Characteristics
Substances that contain only 1 type of matter
Represented by chemical symbol
Unique # of protons, neutrons, & electrons
Element
Defined by atomic number
Hydrogen Cl
Neon

5. Vocabulary Concept Map
Distinguishing Characteristics
Electrons in the outermost shell
Can’t have more than 8
Determines properties of an element
Valence Electrons
Determine bonding
H – 1 valence e
Cl – 7 valence e
Ne – 10 valence e

6. Reading
You will be reading though the text and taking your own notes. Be sure to take good notes, because you will be answering questions about the reading.
After reading, I will show you a PPT with my notes. You will be assessing how well your notes align with mine.
This will help you see what I find important compared to what you find important (this is a HUGE skill to have, because you will be more likely to predict questions on an exam if you can predict what your teacher finds important)

7. How to Take Notes Two-Column Notes My Notes Ms. Stanton’s Notes
As you read, take bulleted notes here.
Write anything that you think is important – remember to paraphrase (write a summary of)
As you listen to my lesson, highlight the notes you took that were also on my slide.
Anything that I have that you do not have, write here next to your notes on that topic.

8. Reading Read pg 227-330. Take your notes.
When you are done, put your pencil down on your desk so I know you have completed your assignment.
DO NOT START TALKING TO A NEIGHBOR
Respect your classmates who are still working.
You may not be on your phone, even if you are finished

9. Questions
Write down the question and answer.

10. Questions: What is the 1st energy level/shell called?
What makes an atom stable?
How do atoms form chemical bonds? Be as detailed as you can.
Which atoms/elements will not react? Why is this the case?

11. Questions (cont’d)
Many of you in our last class indicated you want to know if chemical bonding can occur between more than 2 elements.
Based on the reading you just completed, how would you answer that question?

12. Questions (cont’d)
Many of you also wanted to know if only certain elements are capable of bonding.
Based on your reading, can you create a hypothesis to determine whether or not two elements will bond?

13. Ms. Stanton’s Notes
My version of the notes from the reading

14. Recall Two-Column Notes
NOTE: You do not need to have the exact notes I have word-for-word. Look for similar concepts.
Recall
Two-Column Notes
My Notes
Ms. Stanton’s Notes
As you read, take bulleted notes here.
Write anything that you think is important – remember to paraphrase (write a summary of)
As you listen to my lesson, highlight the notes you took that were also on my slide.
Anything that I have that you do not have, write here next to your notes on that topic.

15. Chemical Bonding
Most atoms are chemically unstable, and so they will react with other atoms to form a molecule/
Molecules are held together by something called a chemical bond.

16. Why do atoms form chemical bonds?
Atoms are comprised of different energy levels, sometimes referred to as shells.
Question 1: What is the 1st energy level/shell called?
K-shell, it can hold at most 2 electrons.

17. Why do atoms form chemical bonds?
Atoms are comprised of different energy levels, sometimes referred to as shells.
Valence electrons, located in the outermost shell of an atom, are responsible for chemical bonding.
Atoms want to have 8 electrons in their valence shell

18. Octet Rule
Definition: atoms form bonds with other atoms by sharing or transferring them to complete their octet and become stable.
In my words: An atom is chemically stable only if it has 8 valence electrons.
Atoms will bond by exchanging electrons in order to get 8 valence electrons (octet rule)

19. Question 2 What makes an atom chemically stable?
An atom is considered chemically stable if it has 8 electrons in its valence shell.
In other words, if it satisfies the octet rule without needing to bond with another atom.

20. Question 3 How do atoms form chemical bonds?
Atoms form chemical bonds by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.

21. Movement of Electrons
Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons when they form bonds.
For some atoms, it is easier to lose an electron than to gain an electron.
Ex: Lithium – has one valence electron, if it loses that electron it will have a completed valence shell in the next energy level down

22. Movement of Electrons
For other atoms, it is easier to gain an electron than to lose an electron
Ex: Chlorine – has 7 valence electrons, if it gains 1 more, it will have a complete octet.

23. Valence Electrons and the Periodic Table
There is a trend for valence electrons on the periodic table.
All elements in Group 1 have 1 valence electron.
Group 2 – 2 valence electrons
Group 13 – 3 valence electrons
Group 14 – 4 valence electrons
Group 15 – 5 valence electrons
Group 16 – 6 valence electrons
Group 17 – 7 valence electrons
Group 18 – 8 valence electrons

24. Valence Electrons and the Periodic Table
We can represent these valence electrons by drawing a Lewis Dot Diagram for an element.

25. Question 4 Which atoms/elements will not react? Why?
The noble gases (group 18) will not react.
They are non-reactive because they have a complete octet of valence electrons.

26. Question 5
Many of you in our last class indicated you want to know if chemical bonding can occur between more than 2 elements.
Based on the reading you just completed, how would you answer that question?
It is possible that some elements will need to bond with more than 1 other element in order to obtain a complete octet
Example: CaCO3 (you will read about this in the next section)

27. Question 6
Many of you also wanted to know if only certain elements are capable of bonding.
Based on your reading, can you create a hypothesis to determine whether or not two elements will bond?
Elements in the first group tend to lose an electron, elements in group 17 tend to gain an electron. I would suspect elements in these two groups frequently bond.

28. Assessment of your notes
Take 2 minutes to compare your notes to my notes. Write a brief summary of your comparison.

29. Lewis Dot diagrams
A Review:

30. Drawing Lewis Dot Diagrams
Lewis Dot Diagrams are a visual representation of the number of valence electrons an atom or element has.

31. Steps to Drawing a Lewis Dot Diagram
Find the number of valence electrons
Using KLM charts or by looking at our periodic table trends.
Write the chemical symbol of the element
This is the letter (or letters) used to abbreviate the element on the periodic table
i.e. Carbon  C
Draw the number of valence electrons around the chemical symbol.
Previously, we did not have a pattern, now we are going to add a pattern for inserting valence electron dots.

32. Pattern for Inserting Dots

33. Practice
You may work independently or with a partner to complete the Lewis Dot Diagrams on your worksheet.
We are going to do one period (row) at a time.
You will have 2 minutes to complete each period.

34. Lewis Dot Diagrams

35. Cause-and-Effect Table
As a class, we are going to complete a visual chart that details the cause and effect of chemical bonding.

37. Cause-and-Effect Table
Complete with students.

38. Closure Review your Vocabulary Self-Assessment (from previous class)
Make any updates to your chart based on today’s lesson.
On the back of your Cause-and-Effect Table:
Summarize why an atom may be attracted to one atom and not to another. Reflection on our objective for the day.
Make sure your name (first & last) is on your cause-and- effect table and turn it in to your Inbox.