1. Chapter 12 Solutions 12.2 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
Learning Goal Identify solutes as electrolytes or nonelectrolytes.
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2. Solutes, Electrolyte or Nonelectrolyte
When electrolytes dissolve in water, they completely dissociate (break up) into ions, forming a solution that conducts electricity.
When electrolytes dissolve in water, they do not dissociate into ions, but break up into molecules, forming a solution that does not conduct electricity.
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3. Solutes, Strong Electrolytes
In water, strong electrolytes
completely dissociate
produce ions
conduct an electric current
Examples:
100% ions
NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl− (aq)
CaBr2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2Br−(aq)
H2O
H2O
A strong electrolyte in an aqueous solution completely dissociates into ions.

4. Solutes, Strong Electrolytes
In water, weak electrolytes
dissolve mostly as molecules
produce a few ions
conduct a weak current
Examples:
HF(g) + H2O H3O+(aq) + F−(aq)
NH3(g) NH4+(aq) + OH−(aq)
A weak electrolyte forms mostly molecules and a few ions in an aqueous solution.

5. Solutes, Nonelectrolytes
In water, nonelectrolytes
dissolve as molecules
do not produce ions
do not conduct a current
Example:
C12H22O11(s) C12H22O11(aq)
H2O
A weak electrolyte forms mostly molecules and a few ions in an aqueous solution.

6. Solutes in Solution

7. Complete the equation for each of the strong electrolytes.
Learning Check
Complete the equation for each of the strong electrolytes.
A. CaCl2 (s)
1) Ca2+(aq) + Cl2−(aq)
2) Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq)
B. K3PO4 (s)
1) 3K+(aq) + PO43−(aq)
2) K3+(aq) + P3−(aq) + O4−(aq)
H2O
H2O

8. Complete the equation for each of the strong electrolytes.
Solution
Complete the equation for each of the strong electrolytes.
A. CaCl2 (s)
2) Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq)
B. K3PO4 (s)
1) 3K+(aq) + PO43−(aq)
H2O
H2O