1. Sociology Exam Review
Chapter 1-5, 7

2. Name the Social Science
Studies human society and social behavior
Studies people and events of the past
Studies behavior and mental processes
Comparatively studies past and present cultures
Studies the organization and operation of government

3. Name the Perspective
Focuses on how individuals interact with one another in society
Focuses on forces in society that promote competition and change
Focuses on gender inequality
Believes society is held together by consensus
Views society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system

4. Name the Scholar
He was expelled from Paris for believing workers would eventually revolt and create a classless society
She set up Hull House in Chicago to assist the poor
He was the founder of Sociology
He believed that ideas about observable phenomena can be tested using statistical analysis; first to use science to study society
He helped found the NAACP and studied the significance of race in US society

5. Roles and Statuses
Status that plays the greatest role in shaping a person’s life
Process through which people go through to detach from a role central to their identity; example divorce
Assigned status based on qualities beyond a person’s control
Socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role
Term for different roles attached to a single status

6. Name the type of group
This type of group has structure, goals and activities that are clearly defined
A circle of friends is an example of this type of group
Group where people interact regularly on the internet; facebook and myspace on examples
A group a person belongs to and identifies with that has 3 characteristics: symbols, positive view of themselves, and competition with other groups
A group a person identifies with

7. Socialization
This agent of socialization is the most important in almost every society
Term for the untamed children with few human characteristics, and no reasoning or manners due to their social isolation
This theory of socialization refers to the interactive process in which we develop our image of ourselves based on how we imagine we appear to others
Playing dress up and taking part in organized sports are important steps in this theory of socialization
This theory of socialization suggests that each of us is born without a personality and it develops from social experience

8. Personality
The sum total of the behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs that are characteristic to an individual; don’t think too hard
This is a biologically unchanging inherited behavior pattern
Capacity to learn a certain skill like being good at tennis
Break with past experiences and learning new values and norms; happens in jail
This sociology career focuses on how genetic makeup impacts your behavior

9. Dating and Adolescence
Main purpose of this type of dating is to find a spouse
Main purpose of this type of dating is for entertainment and status
On the dating continuum – what has the highest level of commitment?
What percent of new HPV, Chlamydia, and genital herpes cases occur among 14 – 19 year olds?
What characteristic of adolescence is missing? biological growth and development, undefined status, increased pressures, search for self

10. Sanctions
Punishment or threat of punishment used to enforce conformity
A reward or punishment given by a regulatory agency, a school, a business, or a government
Spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval by an individual or group
Process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual's personality
Enforcing norms through either internal or external means

11. Type of Crime Homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault
Fraud, tax evasion, embezzlement, insider trading
Prostitution, illegal gambling, illegal drug use
Drug trafficking or illegal gambling as part of a large-scale crime syndicate
Burglary, larceny, arson

12. Give me an ‘S’ Process in which you learn appropriate gender roles
Group of interdependent people who have organized to share a common culture; this word is NOT interchangeable with culture
Rewards or punishments that are used to enforce conformity
Group with status and roles that are organized to satisfy one or more needs of society
Observable fact or event that involves human society

13. Interaction
Deliberate attempt to control or oppose someone; has little or no rules of conduct
Social interaction term for a balance between competition and cooperation; compromise is an example
Action of doing something for someone after that person has done something for you
Name for the smallest group possible; means two
Goffman’s idea that individuals attempt to play roles well and we judge the performances of others

14. Culture
Tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior; can lead to discrimination
The development of economic and social relationships that stretch around the world
Process in which cultures become more and more alike
These ensure fulfillment of some need and are common in all cultures
Education and technology are emphasized in this type of society

15. Intro to Behavior
Shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations; US examples are financial responsibility and to shake hands when introduced
Intended and recognized consequence of some element of society
Unintended and unrecognized consequence of some element of society
Most serious norms are formalized into these: folkways – mores - __________
Situation that arise when the norms of society are unclear or no longer applicable