1. Data Collection
Blood Pressure

2. Objective
SWBAT explore blood pressure IOT be able to perform this skill as a CNA.
Drill:
What does blood pressure measure?
What is the normal blood pressure reading?

3. Drill Answers
Blood pressure is the amount of force exerted against the walls of an artery by the blood.
120/80
Review the contents of Box 26-1 on p. 467 in the Textbook.
Heart and respiratory diseases often increase the respiratory rate.
Both sides of the chest rise and fall equally. See Chapter 36 for abnormal respiratory patterns.

4. Blood Pressure

5. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the amount of force exerted against the walls of an artery by the blood.
Blood pressure is controlled by:
The force of heart contractions
The amount of blood pumped with each heartbeat
How easily the blood flows through the blood vessels
The heart is pumping blood during systole.
The heart is at rest during diastole.

7. Blood Pressure (cont’d)
Systole is the period of heart muscle contraction.
Diastole is the period of heart muscle relaxation.
Systolic pressure — the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts
Diastolic pressure — the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest
You measure systolic and diastolic pressures. The systolic pressure is the higher pressure. The diastolic pressure is the lower pressure.
A systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 80 mm Hg is written 120/80 mm Hg.
Blood pressure can change from minute to minute.
Factors affecting blood pressure are listed in Box 26-4 on p. 485 in the Textbook.

8. Measuring Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is measured in millimeters (mm) of mercury (Hg).
Systolic pressure is recorded over the diastolic pressure
Blood pressure has normal ranges
Systolic pressure—90 mm Hg mm Hg
Diastolic pressure—60 mm Hg - 80 mm Hg

9. Hypertension
When the systolic blood pressure is 140 mm Hg or higher (hyper), or the diastolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg or higher
Report abnormal values!
Some people normally have low blood pressures. However, hypotension can signal a life-threatening problem.
Review the Focus on Communication: Normal and Abnormal Blood Pressures Box on p. 485 in the Textbook.
Review the Focus on Children and Older Persons: Normal and Abnormal Blood Pressures Box on p. 485 in the Textbook.

11. Hypotension
Systolic blood pressure is below (hypo) 90 mm Hg, or the diastolic blood pressure is below 60 mm Hg
Report abnormal values!

12. Medline Plus Blood Pressure Video
myvideos/ htm
Medline Plus Blood Pressure Video

13. Sphygmomanometer
The sphygmomanometer has a cuff and a measuring device.
Used with a stethoscope
These types of sphygmomanometers are used (follow the manufacturer’s instructions):
Aneroid type
Mercury type
Electronic type
Wrist monitor
Blood pressure is normally measured in the brachial artery.
Refer to Figure 26-23, A, B, C, and D on p. 486 in the Textbook.
Stethoscopes are not needed with electronic manometers or wrist monitors.
A wrist monitor measures blood pressure at the wrist and is very sensitive to body position. This type is sometimes used for persons with bariatric needs.
Review the Focus on Children and Older Persons: Equipment Box on p. 486 in the Textbook.
Review the Promoting Safety and Comfort: Equipment Box on p. 486 in the Textbook.
Review the guidelines in Box 26-5 on p. 487 in the Textbook.
Review the Delegation Guidelines: Measuring Blood Pressure Box on p. 486 in the Textbook.

14. Reading the Manometer *Long lines mark 10 mm Hg values.
*Short lines mark 2 mm Hg values.
*This aneroid manometer is at 84 mm Hg

15. Korotkoff Sounds
The sounds heard over an artery during blood pressure auscultation
Represent arterial oscillation resulting from distension of the arterial wall with each cardiac impulse due to partial occlusion of artery by the cuff

16. Blood Pressure Videos
lesson-cuff.aspx?coursecaseorder=4&courseid=102
Practical Clinical Skills
Case Scenarios to try blood pressure, heart, and lung sounds
Do scenarios 1-10:
Guess if the BP will be high, low, or normal based on the case information
Record the BP reading that you get on a piece of loose leaf to turn in!

17. Aneroid Manometer and Cuff

18. Mercury Manometer and Cuff

19. Electronic Sphygmomanometer

20. Cuff Placement *Cuff on upper arm *Arrow over Brachial Artery
*Stethoscope over Brachial Artery

21. Flashcards
Make flashcards for the VS normal ranges and terminology (bradycardia, apnea, etc.)

22. Summary
SWBAT explore blood pressure IOT be able to perform this skill as a CNA.

23. Homework
Read “Measuring Vital Signs”
Chapter 26
Chapter 25