1. World War II

3. Totalitarian Governments
Italy – Fascist Party - Benito Mussolini
Il Duce – The Leader
Blackshirts
Germany – Adolf Hitler
Nazi Party
Der Fuhrer – The Leader
Beer Hall (Munich) Putsch 1923 – attempts to take over govt.
In jail, writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Consolidates power (over Weimar Republic)
Black Shirts, Brown Shirts (SA, Storm Troopers), Gestapo
Chancellor in 1933
Terror and intimidation; propaganda (Joseph Goebbels), Hitler youth, education, media

4. USSR & Japan Joseph Stalin (Man of Steel) Control over industry, farms
5 Year Plans to industrialize
Great Purge – destroys enemies (Siberia)
Millions die under forced labor, collective farms, prisons
Japan – Emperor Hirohito
Heideki Tojo – military leader
Invades Manchuria (1931), China (“Rape of Nanjing”) 1937
Territorial expansion for resources and power

5. Europe Goes to War 1. 1936 - German troops occupy the Rhineland
– Germany annexes Austria – Anschluss
3. Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)
Germany needs lebensraum
Munich 1938 – appeasement
Neville Chamberlain gives in
4. Germany takes rest of Czechoslovakia

6. Europe Goes to War
5. Germany signs non-aggression pact (Nazi-Soviet Pact) with USSR 1939
6. Sept. 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland
WWII begins

7. Europe Goes to War Blitzkrieg (“lightening war”)
Hitler crushes Poland
Stalin takes half of Poland for USSR (communist)
French build up Maginot Line - defenses
April 9, 1940 – Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium fall
Takes Paris in June, 1940 in less than one year
Evacuation (“Miracle”) at Dunkirk to England
Over 330,000 rescued

8. War cont. Battle of Britain Luftwaffe vs. Royal Air Force (RAF)
Great acts of individual bravery
June 1940 – June 1941 – 30,000 Londoners killed
Winston Churchill rallies England
Hitler’s first defeat
“We shall never surrender!”

11. Americans Debate Was WWI a mistake?
Was it about big industries making money off war?
Isolationists debate the interventionists
Neutrality Act 1939
Cash & carry – nations could buy from U.S. if they paid cash & used own ships (pro ally)
Lend Lease Act - loans to allies
Atlantic Charter – deepening alliance w/Britain; self determination of nations
Hitler orders attacks on U.S. ships

12. Japan Japan Builds an Empire
Invades Manchuria; other Pacific Islands 30’s & 40’s
American Response
FDR moves Pacific fleet to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Threatens Japan’s expansion
America remains neutral
Embargo on oil; Japanese assets frozen
Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 – “a date which will live in infamy”
U.S. enters World War II

13. Pearl Harbor

19. Fighting in Italy and North Africa
German General Erwin Rommel – “Desert Fox”
Leads Afrika Corps
Panzer units (tanks)
Defeated by GB at Battle of El Alamein
George Patton takes Sicily; North Africa
“Bloody Anzio”, Italy
Italy surrenders
Mussolini killed by anti-fascists

21. War in the Soviet Union 3.6 million Germans attack in 1941
Operation Barbarossa
Scorched earth policy
Bitter winter
Battle of Stalingrad
Red Army launches massive assault; victory for USSR
Turning point in war

22. Invasion of Western Europe
Build up of troops in GB
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Operation Overlord
Largest landing force in history invades Normandy, France
Dwight D. Eisenhower – Supreme Allied Commander
Battle of the Bulge
1944 – Hitler’s last chance to defend Germany
Costly for U.S.
Patton stops Germans

24. War Ends in Europe The Soviets Advance Germany Surrenders
Move on Berlin
U.S. moves from west
Soviets move from east
Soviets take Berlin in April 1945
Germany Surrenders
Hitler commits suicide on May 1, 1945
Germany surrenders on May 8, 1945
V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)

26. War Ends in Europe cont. The Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference
Stalin, Churchill, and FDR (the big three) make postwar plans
Potsdam Conference
Divided Germany (4 zones)
Stalin promised to enter war in the Pacific

27. War in the Pacific The Japanese advance The Philippines fall
General Macarthur forced to leave (“I shall return”)
Bataan Death March
The Battle of Coral Sea
First aircraft carrier battle
Prevented attack of Australia

28. War in the Pacific Allied victories turn the tide The Battle of Midway
Destroy Jap. ships
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Key victories
Kamikaze fighters
Island hopping to Japan

29. War Ends in Pacific
The Manhattan Project – secret project to develop an atomic bomb
Los Alamos
FDR dies – Truman makes decision to drop the bomb
August 6, “Little Boy” dropped on Hiroshima
August 9, “Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki
Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan signs surrender

34. Liberation
Soviet and American troops come upon Nazi concentration camps
World begins to learn about the Holocaust
Genocide