1. Unit 1: Energy
TCHS Biology

2. Biology B-Day 8/20/18 Bellringer What is the definition of energy?
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Agenda
Bellringer
Why Humans Can’t Live off Sunlight Article
Notes
Photosynthesis and Medicine Lab-Background

3. Biology B-Day 8/20/18 Bellringer What is the definition of energy?
The capacity/ability to do work
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Sunlight + 6 H2O + 6 CO2  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Agenda
Bellringer
Why Humans Can’t Live off Sunlight Article
Notes
Photosynthesis and Medicine Lab-Background

4. Biology B-Day 8/22/18 Bellringer
Why can’t humans live off of sunlight?
Why do plants perform photosynthesis?
Agenda
Bellringer
Notes
Spinach Leaf Lab

5. Biology B-Day 8/22/18 Bellringer
Why can’t humans live off of sunlight?
We are not autotrophs, we have to consume other things to obtain energy
Why do plants perform photosynthesis?
To produce food and store energy
Agenda
Bellringer
Notes
Spinach Leaf Lab

6. Biology A-Day 8/23/18 Bellringer
Why was it important to create a vacuum in the syringe?
Why did the leaf discs float?
Agenda
Bellringer
Finish Lab
Photosynthesis Video

7. Biology A-Day 8/23/18 Bellringer
Why was it important to create a vacuum in the syringe?
To get all the oxygen out so the discs wouldn’t float
Why did the leaf discs float?
With the added light, the process of photosynthesis was occurring- producing oxygen which allowed the discs to float
Agenda
Bellringer
Finish Lab
Photosynthesis Video

8. Biology B-Day 8/29/18 Bellringer
Which leaf would be better to use in medication? Why?
Which type of energy is stored in bonds?
Agenda
Bellringer
Discuss Last Class
Elodea and Snail Virtual Lab

9. Biology B-Day 8/29/18 Bellringer
Which leaf would be better to use in medication? Why?
Leaf A, because they floated to the top quicker
Which type of energy is stored in bonds?
Chemical Energy
Agenda
Bellringer
Discuss Last Class
Elodea and Snail Virtual Lab

10. Biology A-Day 8/30/18 Bellringer
What are the two reactions that take place in photosynthesis?
What organelle does photosynthesis occur in?
Agenda
Bellringer
Snail and Elodea Virtual Lab
Cellular Respiration Video & Questions

11. Biology A-Day 8/30/18 Bellringer
What are the two reactions that take place in photosynthesis?
Light-dependent and Light- independent
What organelle does photosynthesis occur in?
Chloroplast
Agenda
Bellringer
Snail and Elodea Virtual Lab
Cellular Respiration Video & Questions

12. Biology B-Day 9/5/18 Bellringer
Why do snails need elodea in their tanks?
Why was the control test tube green?
Agenda
Bellringer
Amoeba Sisters Video
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration Comparison
Cellular Respiration Notes

13. Biology B-Day 9/5/18 Bellringer
Why do snails need elodea in their tanks?
Elodea release oxygen into the tank for the snails to take in and Elodea take in the excess CO2 in the tank
Why was the control test tube green?
There is CO2 in the atmosphere already
Agenda
Bellringer
Amoeba Sisters Video
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration Comparison
Cellular Respiration Notes

14. Partner Thoughts…. What are some sources of energy on Earth?
How is energy distributed around the Earth?
What are some characteristics that make something “living”?

15. Characteristics of Living Things
responsiveness to the environment
growth and change
ability to reproduce
have a metabolism and breathe
maintain homeostasis
being made of cells
passing traits onto offspring (Containing DNA)

16. Characteristics of Life

17. Energy is the capacity to do work
Energy is the capacity to do work. It can not be created or destroyed, but can be converted or transferred.

18. Types of Energy:
Kinetic vs Potential
Kinetic is energy of motion including waves, electrons, and atoms
Potential is energy of position including gravitational and chemical
Chemical energy is a form of potential energy stored in the bonds of atoms
Radiant energy – light, gamma rays, microwaves, radiowaves
Thermal energy is transfer of energy (heat) from higher temperature to lower temperature substances.

19. Identify the types of energy

20. Whiteboard Challenge: How many energy types do you recognize in these jellyfish?

21. How do plants obtain energy?
Plants convert radiant energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis 6 H2O + 6 CO2  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Whiteboard: Where does the oxygen from plants originate from?

22. How do plants store energy?
A pigment is a chemical substance that absorbs photon energy from light.
Chlorophyll is the main pigment in plants that absorbs red and blue light (green light is reflected)
When photons of red or blue light reach chlorophyll particular electrons become excited and move to a higher energy level for a fraction of a second and are quickly used in the production of glucose.
Plants can only store small amounts of glucose so if
there is rapid photosynthesis plants convert glucose
into starch for storage.
If not used they release heat as they go back to their
ground state

24. How is energy released in cells?
Molecules such as glucose or fat contain a large amount of chemical energy and are used to make a large number of molecules that have smaller amounts of energy.
This is done through cellular respiration which converts it into a phosphate bond on adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

25. If oxygen is used, the process is aerobic respiration
If oxygen is not available, the process of anaerobic respiration is used, but it produces much less ATP because it can not fully break down the glucose.
This is why alcohol can burn – energy remains in the molecules.

27. Glucose cannot be made directly into ATP
Three step process
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Takes place in the
cytoplasm
Breaks glucose down
into 2 pyruvic acid/pyruvates (3-carbon compounds)
Makes 2 molecules of ATP
Anaerobic – no oxygen needed

28. KREBS CYCLE
Also known as the Citric Acid Cycle
Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria
Breaks down pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide
Produces 2 ATP
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Energy carrying molecules (NADH) from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle enter the ETC
Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Use oxygen
Makes 34 ATP molecules
Heat, energy (ATP) and water are byproducts

29. Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

30. Anaerobic Respiration
Occurs without oxygen in the cell
Anaerobic
Releases energy from food and occurs with Glycolysis
Two main types:
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation

31. Learning Check Name the three parts of cellular respiration.
Where do they occur?
What is needed for cellular respiration to occur?
What is released at the end of cellular respiration?
Write the balanced equation for cellular respiration.
What are the two types of fermentation?
When does lactic acid fermentation occur?
How are ATP, NADPH and NADH similar?

32. How is thermal energy generated and lost in living organisms
How is thermal energy generated and lost in living organisms? Whenever energy changes form inside cells some of it is changed into thermal energy. The energy change causes particles to move more rapidly so their temperature rises. Chemical reactions can also release heat. Why do we get hot when we run?

33. Why do we got hot when we run
Why do we got hot when we run? Chemical energy in glucose generates kinetic energy and some of the chemical energy changes to heat in our muscles. Generation of thermal energy in organisms makes them hotter than surroundings and heat is transferred to the environment.

34. How do animals obtain energy
How do animals obtain energy? Animals obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Each cell is supplied with substances produced by digesting consumed organisms to release chemical energy such as from fats and carbohydrates.