1. Chapter 5
Photosynthesis

2. Question of the Day Why do organisms need a constant supply of energy?
Movement
Growth
Metabolism

3. Energy and living things
Metabolism
_______________
Involves using energy to build molecules or breaking down molecules in which energy is stored
Photosynthesis
Process by which __________ energy is converted to ___________ energy.
Cellular Respiration
Metabolic process takes ________ and transforms it into ___________
light
chemical
food
ATP

4. Autotrophs sunlight organic
Organisms that use energy from ______________ or inorganic substances to make ____________ compounds.
Examples:
sunlight
organic

7. Heterotrophs
Organisms that get energy from __________ instead of directly from ______________ or from inorganic substances
Examples:
food
sunlight

10. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
“Burning” Food concept
Energy
Heat released
Rest stored
Remember: Chemical Reactions
Reactant (starch) + enzymes = glucose molecules
Reactant (glucose) + enzymes = ATP + Carbon dioxide + Water

11. ATP Made up of… ATP -> ADP + P + energy Powers metabolism
1 ____________
2 extra energy storing _____________ groups
Stores energy like a ____________
Bonds break => energy ___________
ATP -> ADP + P + energy
Powers metabolism
nucleotide
Phosphate
spring
released

13. Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide + Water --(light)- Sugar + Oxygen Steps
1- energy captured from _________
2- _________ energy converted to _________ energy (as ATP and NADPH)
3- __________ energy powers the formation of organic compounds using ____________________
sun
light
chemical
chemical
Carbon dioxide (CO2)

14. Stage 1 (light energy absorbed)
AKA “light reactions”
Light comes to us as wavelengths
The light WE see exists in the visible light _____nm – _____nm wavelengths
Pigment absorb different wavelengths of light
Pigments are light absorbing substances
Chlorophyll – absorbs blue and red and reflects green and yellow
400
700

15. Stage 1 (light energy absorbed)
Two types of chlorophyll ___ and __
Carotenoids
Pigments that produce the fall colors as well as veggie, fruits, flowers
Absorb ________ wavelengths of light than chlorophyll
different

16. Stage 1 (continued) Production of oxygen _____________ thylakoids
Are inside of chloroplasts, and hold pigments
Light hits them, energy transferred to electrons in the ___________
Electrons become ___________ and jump to the next level
Electrons move to power stage 2, and are replaced by ____________ molecules
thylakoids
chlorophyll
excited
water

17. Stage 2 (Light energy converted to chemical energy)
electron
______________ passed down to nearby molecules like a line of people passing a ball.
Electron Transport Chain
Carrier proteins act as ____________ and ion channels
______________ a reaction and adds a phosphorus group to the ADP
enzymes
catalyzes

19. Stage 2 (Light energy converted to chemical energy)
The last ETC made ATP, the next one makes ….
NADPH
An electron _________ that provides the high energy electrons needed to make the C-H bonds in the 3rd stage
NADP+ + H+  NADPH
carrier

20. Stage 3 (energy stored in organic compounds)
AKA “dark reactions”
Carbon dioxide ___________ :
transfer of carbon dioxide to organic compounds. Example…
______________________:
Series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar
fixation
Calvin Cycle

21. Calvin Cycle Summary… CO2 Phosphate organic used
Each molecule of _____ is added to a 5 carbon compound by an enzyme
Resulting 6 carbon splits into two 3 carbon compounds. _____________ from ATP and Electrons from NADPH are added forming 3 carbon sugars
One 3C sugar used to make __________ compounds (stored as carbs: starch/sucrose)
The other is ___________ in the cycle to make the original 5 carbon compound
Phosphate
organic
used