1. English colonization

2. King Philip II of Spain
Ruler of Spain and chief rival of Queen Elizabeth I of England.
He hoped to spread Catholicism throughout the New World and prevent England, a Protestant nation, from establishing colonies there.
Briefly was King of England as the husband of Mary I. Proposed to Elizabeth I of England.

3. Queen Elizabeth I of England
She is the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn and Protestant ruler of England.
She hoped to decrease Spain’s power by establishing English colonies in North America.

4. Sir Walter Raleigh
He is anxious to colonize land in the New World and was granted a patent or charter on March 25, 1584 by Queen Elizabeth I of England.

5. Raleigh’s expeditions
Rather than sending a colony to settle in the New World right away, the first voyage was to explore and find a suitable place for a colony.
Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe were chosen by Raleigh to captain the ships.
John White, the artist sailed with the expedition and brought back many drawings of native life.

6. Raleigh’s expedition The first contact with the natives was friendly.
The English stayed for about six weeks.
On the return trip, they brought with them some of the local crops, maps, drawings and two of the local natives – Wanchese and Manteo.

7. Grenville Expedition
Sir Richard Grenville took 108 men to Roanoke Island to try to establish a colony under Sir Walter Raleigh’s charter.
Governor Ralph Lane was the leader of the colony and under his leadership Fort Raleigh was built.
The colony was plagued by rivalries, preoccupation with gold and an inability to find food. Sudden storms kept them from receiving supplies. They had angered the local Indians and killed several of their leaders.

8. Grenville’s Expedition
They finally give up and sailed for England with Sir Francis Drake.
When Grenville returns with supplies and reinforcements several weeks later, he found Roanoke deserted. He left 15 men at Fort Raleigh.
They were never heard from again.

9. John White Colony In the spring of 1587, another colony was planned.
This colony included women and children.
They were supposed to settle in the Chesapeake Bay are but their pilot dropped them off at Roanoke.
John White’s granddaughter, Virginia Dare was the first English child to be born in America. Three days after her baptism, John White sailed back to England for supplies

10. Spanish Armada
When John White returns to England, Spain and England are at war.
The Spanish Armada is attacking England and every available ship is needed to fight.
John White will not be able to return to Roanoke with supplies for three years.

11. John White’s Return to Roanoke
John White returns to Roanoke in 1590.
He found the letters CRO on a tree and CROATOAN on a post of the fort.
White assumes that the colony migrated to Croatoan Island south of Hatteras. This is the home of Manteo.
Because of bad weather , loss of cables and anchors and fear of the sailors, White was not able to go in search of his friends and family.

12. Jamestown
Founded by the Virginia Company of London, a joint-stock company.
They were given a charter by King James
They purchased three ships and hired captains.
Jamestown was founded May 14, 1607.

13. John Smith John Smith took over the leadership of the colony.
Because of his leadership, the colony survived hard times.
Smith’s law was “He that does not work, neither shall he eat.”

14. Problems Jamestown encountered
Settlers did not want to work hard to grow crops because of looking for gold
They arrived too late to grow crops
Disease
They did not know how to grow their own goods and they antagonized the Indians.

15. True story of Pocahontas
She was princess of the Powhatan tribe.
She is held prisoner by the English.
She marries a settler, John Rolfe.
She goes to England with him and dies on the return trip.

16. Significance of Jamestown
First successful English settlement in America
Cultivation of tobacco
Introduction of first black slaves in the 13 English colonies
Establishment of the House of Burgesses which was the first representative assembly in the American colonies
First step to introducing the idea of establishing an identity as an independent people (Americans)

17. Pilgrims
The Pilgrims were persecuted in England because they thought that the Anglican Church was too “popish” and that all Catholic traditions should be removed from the Anglican Church.
They were a splinter group of the Puritans however their views were so extreme that they were banned in England.

18. Plymouth Colony
The Pilgrims left England because of religious persecution.
They settled in Leyden Holland.
They wanted to set up a colony where they could worship as they pleased.

19. Plymouth Colony
About 50 Pilgrims sailed with about 50 “strangers” to a deserted Indian village.
There they established the Plymouth Colony.
They were aided in this by an Indian named Squanto

20. Plymouth Colony
The settlers agreed before landing that they would put the needs of the colony above their own by signing the Mayflower Compact.
One of the major differences of this colony is that the Pilgrims paid the Indians for their land.

21. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Founded by the Puritans in 1629.
The first Puritan town was Salem, Massachusetts.
The Puritan migration was one of families driven out of England for religious persecution.
Land could only be granted to families.

22. The New England Way Puritan covenant with God
A. To establish a holy society
B. Based on duty, hard work, honesty, moderation in dress and drink.
C. Waged war against flesh and the Devil

23. The New England Way A. Community worked together for common good
B. Congregation was basic unit.
1. Established towns
2. Town meetings made laws to govern all aspects of life
3. Minister delivered sermons providing instruction in the New England Way

24. The New England Way Puritan education
A. Maintained the New England Way
B. Everyone must learn to read in order to read the Bible
C. Harvard College founded to train ministers.

25. Dissenters in the Puritans
Roger Williams was forced out of the colony.
He left to establish the colony of Rhode Island which was founded on the principle of religious tolerance.

26. Dissenters in the Puritans
Anne Hutchinson was forced out of the colony for teaching that ministers were not necessary if everyone could read the Bible.
She is eventually murdered in New York.

27. Salem Witchcraft Trials
The events which led to the Witch Trials began with the bizarre, seemingly inexplicable behavior of two young girls; the daughter, Betty and the niece, Abigail Williams of the Salem Village minister, Reverend Samuel Parris.
By the time the hysteria had spent itself, 24 people had died. Nineteen were hanged on Gallows Hill in Salem Town, but some died in prison.

28. Quakers
Religious sect that was persecuted in England as well as in America.
William Penn receives a charter for a colony and makes it a haven for Quakers as well as other religions. This colony is Pennsylvania.
Quakerism emphasizes human goodness because of a belief that something of God exist in everyone.

29. Compare and Contrast Religious Groups
Pilgrims Puritans Quakers
Tolerant Intolerant Tolerant
Plymouth Salem Penn.
Persecuted Persecuted Persecuted
Reform COE ReformCOE
People evil People good
War with Devil God lives in all
Some people are better All people are equal
Pacifists