1. Homework. go to mrsmcauliffesclass. weebly
Homework * go to mrsmcauliffesclass.weebly.com com and print the following important AP documents * Style Analysis handout * AP Tone Words handout * Rhetorical appeals chart * These should be placed in the A.P. “Cheat” Sheet section of your binder. * Bring – Vocab + R.D. * Study for both quizzes * Finish Persona & Rhetorical appeals activity

2. Means of Persuasion: Ethos, Logos, and Pathos
AP Language

3. The Rhetorical Triangle
Subject
Logos
Tone
Style
Ethos
Pathos
Speaker
Audience
Purpose

4. Ethos – Ethical Appeal To understand “the good”
A speaker has to find the values of the audience and appeal to those values, finding “the good.”
“The good” as defined by the audience doesn’t always mean “morally good.”
Whatever the audience thinks is “good,” is.

5. Ethos – Ethical Appeal To understand “the good”
A speaker appeals to “the good” of the audience by:
Establishing credibility on a personal, familial, cultural, national, or universal level
Praising virtues such as courage, honesty, honor, love
Condemning Vices such as anger, cowardice, dishonesty

6. Ethos Continued: Reputation can influence ethos immediately.
In other cases, the speaker might establish ethos by making a good impression.

7. Logos – Logical Appeal To Think Clearly
Logos: An appeal to reason, by offering clear, rational ideas.
Appealing to logos means having
Proof or apparent proof or expert testimony

8. Logos Continued:
Another way to appeal to logos is to acknowledge a counterargument – to anticipate opposing views.
In acknowledging a counterargument, you agree (concede) that an opposing view might be true,
but then you deny (refute) the validity of all or part of the argument.
(There’s much more to this, but that’s for later!)

9. Pathos – Emotional Appeal to understand emotions and how they’re evoked
The most powerful and immediate of all appeals is pathos: an appeal to the audience’s emotions.
Writers have to find the frame of mind that the listener needs to be in order to agree with the message.
When a writer uses the emotional appeal, they are placing the listeners in that frame of mind.

10. Pathos – Emotional Appeal to understand emotions and how they’re evoked
Writers will often use
figurative language,
strong connotative diction,
and personal anecdotes
Emotional examples *Inspire (Inspirational language) - admiration, adoration, pride, patriotism * Provoke (Provocative language) - anger, resentment, jealously, hostility * Evoke (Evocative language) - any of the above, affection, compassion, pity

11. In Short… Ethos - to understand “the good” ethical appeal
Logos - to think clearly logical appeal
Pathos - to understand emotions emotional appeal
and how they’re evoked
* If you understand all these pieces, you will be able to explain how a writer writes logically.