1. Mitosis & Asexual Reproduction
Topic 15

2. Cell Theory Smallest unit of life Cells work together
All cells come from pre-existing cells

3. Cell Division Make new cells Growth & repair
All body cells EXCEPT sex cells
Process: MITOSIS

4. Cancer
Abnormal mitosis
Uncontrolled cell division

5. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Genetic code
Instructions for building an organism

6. How DNA is Packaged- Dolan DNA Learning Center
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7. Chromatin
Uncoiled DNA
Before mitosis – during interphase

8. Chromosome
2 copies of DNA – double stranded
Shape- X

9. Chromatid & Centromere
Chromatid- 1 side of chromosome
Centromere- center, joins 2 chromatids together

10. Stages of Cell Division
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

11. Interphase Resting phase DNA is uncoiled- chromatin DNA replicates
Cell grows

12. Prophase Chromosomes form Centrioles move to opposite poles
Spindle fibers form
Nuclear membrane disappears

13. Metaphase Centromeres line up in middle
Spindle fibers attach to centromeres

14. Anaphase
Sister chromatids move to opposite poles

15. Telophase At each pole chromosomes uncoil
Nuclear membrane forms around each set

16. Cytokinesis Separates to make 2 daughter cells
In animal cells: cleavage- cytoplasm pinches in and separates
In plant cells: cell plate- forms new cell wall between 2 cells

17. Animal Plant

18. Difference Between Animal & Plant Cells
Centrioles
Cleavage
PLANT
No Centrioles
Cell Plate

19.
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20. Results of Mitosis 2 identical cells Same number of chromosomes
Exact same DNA as parent cell

21. Asexual Reproduction Only one parent By the process of MITOSIS
Let’s see which organisms reproduce this way….

22. Binary Fission Parent organism divides in 2
Equal division of cytoplasm
Paramecium
Ameba

23. E Coli bacteria growth
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24. Budding Unequal division of cytoplasm
Bud has same number of chromosomes as parent cell
Hydra
Yeast

25. Budding in Hydra
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26. Regeneration Grow a new organism from a piece of another
Regrow body parts
Can be done because these cell are undifferentiated (not specialized)

27. Regeneration
Planaria Earthworm
Seastar

28. Seastar Regeneration
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29. Sporulation Multicellular organisms Spores released
Grow into new organism
Bread Mold

30. Vegetative Propagation
Asexual reproduction in plants
New plants will develop from roots, stems, and leaves of parent plant

31. Bulbs
Enlarged underground stem
Examples: Tulips, onions, garlic

32. Tuber
Enlarged underground stem with buds (eyes)
Example: potato

33. Runner
Stem runs along ground
New plants form
Example: strawberry

34. Rhizome
“mass of roots”
Example: ginger

35. Cutting Stem or leaf is placed in ground New plant grows
Example: geranium

36. Grafting
Stem of one plant attached to cut end of another
No blending

37. Layering
Stems form roots where it touches soil

38. Results of Asexual Reproduction
Offspring are genetically identical to parent
Same DNA
Same number of chromosomes
Same characteristics

39. Cloning Artificial way to make an identical genetic copy
Sheep, pigs, cats…

40. Steps of Cloning Take a parent cell nucleus & remove it
Take an egg cell from a female and remove the nucleus
Take the nucleus from the parent cell and put it into the egg cell
Implant the egg cell into a female for development

42. Microdissection tools are used to remove nucleus from the cells

43. 1. What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?
2. During which phase does DNA replicate?
3. Explain why anaphase is significant.
4. Describe the differences between mitosis in plant and animal cells.