1. Commas

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Items in a series
Commas are used to separate items in a series
Example:
I love the books The Hunger Games, Twilight, and Pride, and Prejudice.
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Compound Sentences
A comma and a coordinating conjunction are used to separate two independent clauses (a compound sentence). Example: Dan cooked dinner, and Sarah cleaned the living room.
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Complex Sentence
When a dependent clause is at the beginning of a sentence, a comma is needed to separated from the independent clause. Example: Because we have not finished our work, we cannot play on the playground.
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Appositives
An appositive is a phrase that adds additional information to a sentence. The info is not needed and needs commas around it. Example: Mr. Graham, my science teacher, sings a song about phases of the moon.
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6. Prepositional Phrases
When a prepositional phrase comes at the beginning of a sentence, a comma is needed to separate it. Example: Before we take a bathroom break, we need to finish our grammar homework.
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7. Introductory Elements
A comma is needed when an introductory element (e.g. transition words) is used at the beginning of a sentence. Example: In summary, George Washington was the best President of the United States.
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Which
When the word which is used in the middle of a sentence, a comma is needed. Example: I used the key, which I found in my pocket.
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Let’s Practice
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What is the rule?
After our lunch period, we will take a walk. Prep Phrase
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What is the rule?
I finished my homework, which took only ten minutes. ,Which
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What is the rule?
Six months later, she was able to walk once more. Introductory Element
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What is the rule?
I love peaches, but raspberries are my favorite. Compound Sentence
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What is the rule?
When I work on homework, I like to listen to music. Complex Sentence
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What is the rule?
Mr. Salyer, Vice Principal of Greeneville Middle School, likes to grill chicken on his outdoor grill. Appositive
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What is the rule?
I do not like fish, tacos, or shrimp. Items in a Series
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Insert the Comma
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Correct the sentence.
Long ago a beautiful princess lived in a nearby tower. Long ago, a beautiful princess lived in a nearby tower.
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Correct the sentence.
Dr. Shell my dentist said I needed braces. Dr. Shell, my dentist, said I needed braces.
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Correct the sentence.
After the storm may people discovered there cars has hail damage. After the storm, may people discovered there cars has hail damage.
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Correct the sentence.
The new item on the menu is strawberry shortcake which is my favorite dessert. The new item on the menu is strawberry shortcake, which is my favorite dessert.
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Correct the sentence.
Soon after the meal began the baby started to cry. Soon after the meal began, the baby started to cry.
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Correct the sentence.
Michelle plays the clarinet in the band and Ashley is a majorette. Michelle plays the clarinet in the band, and Ashley is a majorette.
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Correct the sentence.
The guy in the picture is Ron Clark a famous author and teacher. The guy in the picture is Ron Clark, a famous author and teacher.
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