1. Role of apoptosis in myocardial stunning after open heart surgery
Joachim P Schmitt, MD, Josef Schröder, MD, Heribert Schunkert, MD, Dietrich E Birnbaum, MD, Hermann Aebert, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 73, Issue 4, Pages (April 2002)
DOI: /S (02)03401-X

2. Fig 1
Ultrathin section of human heart biopsy specimen taken after cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion. Large panel shows single myocyte with swollen mitochondria and disarrangement of cristae (center) next to normal myocytes (top and bottom). (Bar = 1 μm.) Inset displays an enlarged section of the myocyte in the center of the large panel showing transition of intact to damaged mitochondria. (Bar = 0.5 μm.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02)03401-X)

3. Fig 2
Ultrathin section of a human heart biopsy taken after cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion showing two myocytes (A and B). Cell boundaries run in the middle from top to center, and then curve to left lower margin of figure. Nuclei of both myocytes are illustrated. The nucleus of myocyte B exhibits slight condensation and margination of chromatin, as compared with the nucleus of myocyte A. Myocyte A shows mitochondria to be intact, whereas myocyte B shows swollen mitochondria with ruptured membranes (arrows). (Bar = 1 μm.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02)03401-X)

4. Fig 3
Western blot analysis of cytochrome c in different cell fractions at the beginning and at the end of open heart surgery. Using monoclonal antibodies, cytochrome c was detected in mitochondrial (M) and cytosolic (C) fractions of human heart biopsies before (pre) and after (post) cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion. Difference in signal intensity in cytosolic fractions before and after cardioplegia and reperfusion and strong signals in both mitochondrial fractions are noteworthy.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02)03401-X)

5. Fig 4
Apoptotic index (relative increase of ratio cytochrome c/citrate synthase in cytosol during surgery) plotted against time of cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion. According to individual duration of cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion, patients were assigned to four groups (<85 minutes, 85 to 100 minutes, 100 to 115 minutes, >115 minutes). Filled circles indicate mean apoptotic index and mean duration for each group; error bars indicate standard error of the mean. (Correlation coefficient R = 0.634, p < 0.05.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02)03401-X)

6. Fig 5
Correlation of left ventricular function and apoptotic index (increase of ratio cytochrome c/citrate synthase in cytosol) during open heart surgery. Changes in cardiac index (ΔCI), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (ΔPCWP), and mean pulmonary artery pressure (ΔPAPmean) during open heart surgery were compared with corresponding apoptotic index. ▴, ΔCI for each of the patients; X, ΔPCWP;▾, ΔPAP. Linear regression lines and correlation coefficients R are indicated.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02)03401-X)

7. Fig 6
Staining of DNA fragments in human heart biopsy taken after cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion. Magnification shows a typical nucleus with positive terminal deoxinucleotidyl transferase-dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Nuclear counterstaining was performed with methyl green. Bar, 10 μm.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02)03401-X)