1. Cells, Cells, Cells
Cells are the basic building block of life.
All living things are made of cells
Did you know that all cells come from preexisting cells through cell division?

2. Cell Theory All living things are made up of one or more cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from other living cells through cell division.

3. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

4. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

5. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Multi-cellular
Plant
Animal

6. Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

7. Let’s take a little pre-test:
Are you ready?

8. Animal Cell #1

9. Let’s try it again:
Think you can handle it?

10. Plant Cell #1

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum
“Typical” Animal Cell
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuole
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Lysosome

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum
“Typical” Plant Cell
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosome
Nucleus
Vacuole
Golgi Apparatus
Cell Wall
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum

13. “Typical” Plant Cell

14. Let’s look at the structure of the cell -
How do you think the structure of the cell relates to a school?

15. Surrounding the Cell

16. Cell Membrane Provides support and protection Functions as cell
Both plant and animal cells
Think of a school’s doors and intercom system
and

17. Cell Wall Surrounds cell and gives additional support and protection.
Plant cells only
Think of this as the brick and concrete outer walls surrounding the school.

18. Inside the Cell

19. Nucleus Contains DNA, which makes you who you are
Directs the activity of the cell – for example, when it grows and d i v i d e s
Both plant and animal cells
Think of the principal’s office as the nucleus and the student files in the office as DNA

21. Nuclear Membrane
Double layer material surrounding the nucleus and separating it from the cytoplasm.
Pores on the outside allow material to pass in and out.
Both plants and animal cells
Think of the secretary outside the principal’s office that controls who enters the office.

22. Brain Break: What is the cell membrane’s function?
A) Allows materials to enter/exit cell
B) Contains the DNA
C) Cleans up cell waste

23. Cytoplasm Jelly-like material that fills the cell
Contains water and food for cell
Holds organelles in place
Both plant and animal cells
Think of the air that fills up the entire school

24. Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
The “highway” of the cell that moves materials around to other parts
Some parts of the E.R. contain ribosomes, which create proteins
Both plant and animal cells
Think of the school hallways where students and teachers transport ideas to other parts of the school
If you drive too fast, you’ll end up in the E.R.!

25. Golgi Apparatus Packages, stores, and secretes energy for the cell
Both plant and animal cells
Think of the lunch faculty who bring cafeteria food into the school, then pack and store it in the kitchen for later use

26. Mitochondria
Break down food (sugars) and release energy to cell – the “Powerhouse” of the cell – cellular respiration
Both plant and animal cells
Think of lunch time at school – food is taken out of packages, cooked, and then provided to students and teachers to power them for the rest of the day

27. Brain Break: Which organelle is the highway of the cell?
A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

28. Lysosomes
Clean up the cell waste products (Lysosomes clean just like Lysol!)
Both plant and animal cells
Think of the custodian who clean up any waste in the school at the end of the day

29. Ribosomes Builds the proteins needed inside and outside the cell
Free inside cytoplasm and attached to E.R.
Both plant and animal cells
Think of the construction men who build the school and make any necessary repairs to keep it going.

30. Chloroplast Makes sugars and starches during photosynthesis for energy
Food producers in plant cell
Green chlorophyll inside chloroplasts assist with the process

31. Brain Break: Which organelle is the “powerhouse”?
A) Lysosomes
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi Apparatus