1. Kingdoms and Trading States of Africa- Chapter 12
Deserts were geographical features which were barriers to the movement of people and goods in Africa.
Camel caravans revolutionized trade across the Sahara.
Gold and salt were the two products which dominated trade in the Sahara.*

2. Kingdoms and Trading States of Africa- Chapter 12
Mansa Musa the Mali emperor, was influenced by the Islamic religion by basing his system of justice on the Quran.
Axum prospered partly because it had a port on the Red Sea.
The Axumites passed on the religious tradition of Christianity to the Ethiopians.*

3. Kingdoms and Trading States of Africa- Chapter 12
Over the centuries, Ethiopian Christians borrowed many traditions from other cultures.
In dry desert areas, people adapted by practicing slash-and-burn agriculture.
African art masks were tied to religion.
The griots of West Africa preserved oral traditions.*