1. Reform The Spirit of Reform improvement or change for the better
Organized attempts to improve conditions of life

2. The Reform Movement
Read Chapter 21 on pages Be sure to read everything on the page…margins, picture captions and sidebars.
Make a list of 20 facts from the reading. You can include additional facts.
Write a summary of the chapter. This should be at least three complete sentences.

3. Temperance Movement
Many reformers supported an organized effort to end alcohol abuse and the problems created by it.
Reformers considered alcoholism a major cause of crime
Alcohol was cheap but lead to increases in crime, poverty and abuse of women and children

4. Temperance Movement
Some workers took rum breaks similar to today’s coffee breaks
Requested a statewide or nationwide prohibition, or banning of liquor (sale and consumption)

5. New Prison System- early 1800’s
Prisons had traditionally been harsh places, designed to keep people out of them.
Prisons were poorly heated, prisoners had inadequate food and cramped conditions
Realized that mistreatment of prisoners did little to improve the character of criminals
America imprisons 756 inmates per 100,000 residents, a rate of nearly five times the world’s average
About 1 in every 31 adults in this country is in jail or on supervised release.
Either we are the most evil people on earth or we are doing something very wrong
2.3 million people in US prison ( about 8% of our population)
38% of prison population – drug offenses
Spend $68 billion per year

6. New Prison System- early 1800’s
Shifted focus from punishment to rebuilding character
House of Refuge- opened for the very young offenders – learned trades, attended classes and received religious instruction

7. Educational Reform – 1830’s
Reformers proposed raising the standards of schools across the nation and supporting them with taxes
Massachusetts was the only state to require public education. Children from wealthy families were educated privately, whereas poor children received no education outside the home

8. Educational Reform – 1830’s
Voters needed a good education to make sound decisions
Started “Common Schools” – free (or tax supported) public schools
Horace Mann – concerned about poor children who could not afford private schools

9. Educational Reform – 1830’s
School year extended to 6 months
Started teacher training
No requirement for attending school
Most student’s education ended with the eighth grade
Girls received only a basic education – some only learned morals and manners rather than science and math

10. Educational Reform – 1830’s
Improvements in public education did little for African Americans. Southern states prohibited teaching enslaved persons to read
Few places offered any kind of education to African Americans. Two colleges allowed African Americans to attend: Amherst and Bowdoin College
Amherst- massachusetts
Bowdoin- maine