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Anatomy of the Central Nervous System

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Presentation on theme: "Anatomy of the Central Nervous System"— Presentation transcript:

1 Anatomy of the Central Nervous System
Lesson 3

2 Functional Anatomy: CNS
Major Divisions Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain Know structure location & general function Major fiber systems CNS vs PNS terminology nucleus vs. ganglion tracts vs. nerves ~

3 Forebrain - Cortex Gray Matter Somas and Dendrites Organized in layers
some input, some output Neocortex 6 layers ~

4 Forebrain - Fiber Systems
White Matter - myelinated axons 3 types of fiber systems Commissural Association Projection ~

5 Commissural Fibers Interconnect homologous structures in the two hemispheres Corpus Callosum Anterior and Posterior Hippocampal ~

6 Anterior Anterior

7 Forebrain Fibers Systems
Association Fibers interconnect cortical areas within each hemisphere Projection Fibers all other fiber systems Fornix Corticospinal tract Mammillothalamic tract Naming convention ~

8 Hemispheres Left Right Association Commissural Projection

9 Forebrain Subcortical Areas
Diencephalon Surrounds 3rd ventricle Thalamus sensory and motor relay nuclei Hypothalamus motivation & emotion ~

10 Thalamus vision Lateral Geniculate Nuclei LGN Medial Geniculate Nuclei
MGN audition ~

11 Hypothalamus 4Fs Feeding Fighting fleeing, and ... mating
Controls the pituitary gland ~

12 Thalamus

13 Thalamus & Hypothalamus
MGN LGN Hypothalamus Pituitary Stalk

14 Subcortical: Limbic System
Emotion; Learning & Memory Structures Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Amygdala Thalamus Hypothalamus Mammilary bodies Olfactory bulbs Fornix ~

15 Limbic System Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Fornix Thalamus Hypothalamus
Amygdala

16 Subcortical: Basal Ganglia
3 motor nuclei Caudate Putamen Globus Pallidus ~ Striatum

17 Caudate Globus pallidus Putamen

18

19 Midbrain Surrounds cerebral aqueduct Tectum
Superior Colliculi - vision Inferior Colliculi - audition Tegmentum substantia nigra - motor many other nuclei sleep/wake cycle pain & analgesia positive reinforcement ~

20 Thalamus Superior Colliculi Inferior Colliculi Tectum Tegmentum Medulla

21 Cross-section of Tegmentum
Dorsal Substantia Nigra

22 Hindbrain Cerebellum coordinates movements Pons Sleep and arousal
Medulla vital functions many cranial nerves ~

23 Cerebellum Pons

24 Spinal Cord Dorsal Gray Matter Horns Dorsal White Matter Ventral
Central Canal

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