1. Walt Pozgay Quality Test Engineer GE Appliances, a Haier Company
Electricity Basics
Walt Pozgay
Quality Test Engineer
GE Appliances, a Haier Company

2. The Atom
Proton – Positive Charge Neutron – Neutral Charge Electron – Negative Charge

3. The Valence Shell
Outermost ring of electrons. Most responsible for electrical property of a material. 8 Valence electrons make a stable atom.

4. Most plastics and glasses are good insulators.
Stable Valence Shell.
Most plastics and glasses are good insulators.
Most common insulators in electronics are
Plastic/Rubber
Glass/Ceramic
Air

5. Fewer Valence Electrons. Most metals are good conductors.
Most common conductors in electronics are
Silver (1)
Copper (1)
Aluminum (3)

6. Usually 4 Valence Electrons.
Semiconductors
Usually 4 Valence Electrons.
Sort of conductors and sort of insulators.
Most common semiconductors in electronics are
Silicon (4)
Carbon (4)

7. What is electricity?
Electricity is energy caused by the difference between charges. The force created by electricity is called Voltage. In a circuit, it causes electrons to move. When electrons are forced to move, the flow of electrons is called Current.

8. Ohm’s Law
𝐈= 𝐕 𝐑

9. The Circuit
Source of Voltage Resistance to control Current and make work happen Path for Current

10. The Source
Creates a surplus of electrons on one side (negative, cathode) and a deficiency of electrons on the other (positive, anode). Voltage is between the anode and the cathode. Electrons always move from negative to positive. In DC, negative and positive stay on the same side. In AC, they change sides periodically.

11. Does the work of the circuit.
The Load
Does the work of the circuit.
Voltage is felt across the load. Current flows through the load.

12. The Path
Creates a controlled route for the electrons to flow. Current is along the path and is constant at every point on the same path. The path must provide at least one continuous route for the electrons from the source’s cathode to the anode.

13. The Circuit

14. The Open Circuit

15. The Short Circuit