1. Construction/Algorithm
Solar Table
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Shubham Bhardwaj(ME), Tanuj Jindal(ME), Parkash Raghav(ME), Rakesh Mahala(ME), Vishal Tyagi(ME), Surendra Mahala(ME), Shubham Maheshwari(ME)
Faculty Project in Charge: Prof. Ajay Sood, Prof. Kishore Guru, Prof. Jyoti Goel
Abstract
Construction/Algorithm
In one embodiment, a solar table includes a solar panel configured to generate electric power from sunlight, a battery for storing the generated electric power, a light source powered by the stored electric power. A device which gets heated by the sun’s energy is called solar heating device. All the solar heating devices are designed in such a way that they help in collecting as much sunlight as possible. The solar heating devices such as solar cooker, solar water heater and solar cells have greatly helped in solving the energy problem, its consumption and future energy demands of our country. Solar energy also reduces our dependence on fossil fuel.
Prerequisites:
Solar Panels
Transformer
Inverter
Transistor
Diode
USB Ports
Sockets
Battery
Introduction
Solar cell is a device which converts solar energy directly into electricity. Since solar energy is a light energy so we can say, “Solar cell is a device which converts light energy into electrical energy.” Solar cells are made by a semiconductors such as silicon and gallium.
We used
The simplest semiconductor device is made up of a sandwich of P-type semiconducting material, with contacts provided to connect the p-and n-type layers to an external circuit. This is a junction Diode. If the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the p-type material (cathode) and the negative terminal to the N-type material (Anode), a large current will flow. This is called forward current or forward biased. If the connections are reversed, a very little current will flow. This is because under this condition, the p-type material will accept the electrons from the negative terminal of the battery and the N-type material will give up its free electrons to the battery, resulting in the state of electrical equilibrium since the N-type material has no more electrons. Thus there will be a small current to flow and the diode is called Reverse biased.
The name is transistor derived from ‘transfer resistors’ indicating a solid state Semiconductor device. In addition to conductor and insulators, there is a third class of material that exhibits proportion of both. Under some conditions, it acts as an insulator, and under other conditions it’s a conductor. This phenomenon is called Semi-conducting and allows a variable control over electron flow. So, the transistor is semi conductor device used in electronics for amplitude.
Two coils are wound over a Core such that they are magnetically coupled. The two coils are known as the primary and secondary windings. In a Transformer, an iron core is used. The coupling between the coils is source of making a path for the magnetic flux to link both the coils.
Results/Application
It can be used where there is shortage of electricity
It can be used in camping
It can play major role in villages and remote areas
Underlying Principle
Here is a solar charger circuit that is used to charge Lead Acid or Ni-Cd batteries using the solar energy power. The circuit harvests solar energy to charge a 6 volt 4.5 Ah rechargeable battery for various applications. The charger has Voltage and Current regulation and Over voltage cut off facilities.
Conclusion
The circuit uses a 12 volt solar panel and a variable voltage regulator IC LM 317. The solar panel consists of solar cells each rated at 1.2 volts. 12 volt DC is available from the panel to charge the battery. Charging current passes through D1 to the voltage regulator IC LM 317. By adjusting its Adjust pin, output voltage and current can be regulated. VR is placed between the adjust pin and ground to provide an output voltage of 9 volts to the battery. Resistor R3 Restrict the charging current and diode D2 prevents discharge of current from the battery. Transistor T1 and Zener diode ZD act as a cut off switch when the battery is full. Normally T1 is off and battery gets charging current. When the terminal voltage of the battery rises above 6.8 volts, Zener conducts and provides base current to T1. It then turns on grounding the output of LM 317 to stop charging.
In this Solar Table we had added transformer, invertor, transistor, diodes, USB ports, socket, battery so as to show current which is provided by solar cell in battery is saved and is used for the generation of electricity. Setup made by us have potential to face 20V which has been tested by charging of mobiles, Glowing of Bulb.
References
"Solar Energy Perspectives: Executive Summary“ by international energy agency