1. A Whirlwind Tour of Progressive Reforms
1870s to 1910s

2. Major Theme of this Lecture
By the late 19th century, the U.S. had fulfilled its Manifest Destiny  spread from Pacific to Atlantic
It had become a major industrial power and a wealthy nation
Wealth creation had been allowed willy-nilly. Some of the impacts did not match with American ideals (equality, liberty, democracy, opportunity, rights)
Progressives looked for ways to restore these ideals to the ‘little guy’

3. Railroads Problems Corruption Price Fixing
Railroad company (Union Pacific) hired by U.S. gov. to build railroad
Railroad company stockholders set up a fake construction company (Credit Mobilier) to build railroads. This company charged crazy high rates, and stockholders took the extra.
Congressmen were given shares in the railroad in order to ‘look the other way’
Price Fixing
If there is only one railroad line, charge very high prices
Example- many short railroad trips cost more than long ones
What is the point here?

4. Railroads Solutions Grangers tried to get laws passed
Grangers- farmers’ union
Munn v. Illinois and the Interstate Commerce Acts were attempts to regulate railroads
These failed
Result- corrupt railroads led to a large recession

5. Women’s Rights Problems Can’t vote or hold office
Not admitted to colleges
Victorian ideals
Women must be proper and lady-like at all times

6. Women’s Rights Solutions Women’s suffrage movement
Suffrage = the right to vote
Seneca Falls Convention  1848  women pledge to work for their rights
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Oppositions from liquor store owners, factory owners (women are against child-labor), and men (who like their privileges)
Some women were radicals  burned down houses, spit on police, etc.
Pre- WWI  some states (Wyoming) grant women the right to vote
Post-WWI  women’s wartime contributions convinces many that women deserve the vote
19th Amendment

7. Teddy Roosevelt President who Supported Progressive reforms
Thought president could use the ‘bully pulpit’ to win reforms
Bully pulpit- president’s voice is loud and influential  using this pulpit (place to speak to a crowd) the Robber Barons could be bullied

8. Teddy Roosevelt (cont.)
Promised Americans a ‘square deal’
‘Trustbuster’ – broke up more trusts than previous presidents
Sided with workers in a mine strike
When mine owners wouldn’t compromise, TR threatened to use the army to take over the mines
Outlawed railroads giving free passes to congressmen. Why?
Form of bribery.
First ‘conservationist’ president  set aside lands for ‘the people’

9. Health Reforms Problems The Jungle Solutions Meat Inspection Act
Food and Drug Administration

10. Civil Rights Problems Legal segregation Solutions Not much
Presidents did not make this a priority, although they did help in a few individual cases
Presidents are unwilling to pass anti-lynching laws

11. Civil Rights
Disagreement among African Americans about the proper route for movement for equal rights
Booker T Washington  Black people should work hard and pull themselves up without spending time focusing on unfair laws  these laws can be dealt with once African Americans have jobs and wealth
E. B. Dubois  Black people must demand total equality immediately
NAACP set up on this second model

12. Tariffs Problem Factory owners want high tariffs. Why?
Protects them from foreign competition
Workers want lower tariffs. Why?
Gives them lower prices.
During the Gilded Age, tariffs had been kept high.

13. Tariffs Solution Underwood Act (under president Wilson) lowers tariffs
$ that country used to get from tariffs is replaced by a graduated income tax
16th amendment
Graduated?
The more you make, the higher your tax rate

14. Monopolies and Trusts Problem Not enough competition
Leads to high prices for consumers

15. Monopolies and Trusts Solutions Clayton Act
Stronger version of Sherman anti-trust act
Can break up monopolies
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) set up as a trust ‘watchdog’
Can warn companies when they are getting too big

16. Banks Problems Unregulated banks can collapse  cause financial panics
Solutions
Federal Reserve
Bank of the banks
Can loan money to banks to prevent collapses
Can make rules for banks (for example, you can only loan out so much money)

17. End of the Progressive Era
World War I ( ) turns America’s attention away from Progressivism

18. Major Theme of this Lecture
Hansen Name _______________ U.S. History Period _______ Successes (and a few Failures) of the Progressive Movement (1870s to 1910)
Major Theme of this Lecture
By the late 19th century, the U.S. had fulfilled its Manifest Destiny  _____________________________
It had become a major industrial power and ____________
Wealth creation had been allowed ___________ . Some of the impacts did not match with ___________________ (equality, liberty, democracy, opportunity, rights)
Progressives looked for ways to ____________________ _______________________________________________
Railroads
Problems
___________________
Railroad company (Union Pacific) hired by _______ _________________________. to build railroad
Railroad company stockholders set up _________ __________________________________ (Credit Mobilier) to build railroads. This company charged ____________________________, and stockholders took the extra.
Congressmen were given _________________ ______________in order to ‘look _______________’
Price Fixing
If there is only one railroad line, _____________ ________________ prices
Example- many ____________ railroad trips cost more than ___________ ones
What is the point here?
Solutions
_________________ tried to get laws passed
Grangers- _______________’ union
Munn v. Illinois and the Interstate Commerce Acts were attempts to ___________________________________
These _______________
Result- __________ railroads led to a large _____________
Women’s Rights
Problems
____________ or hold office
Not admitted _________________
__________________________
Women must be proper and lady-like at all times
Solutions
Women’s __________________________
Suffrage = the right to ___________
______________________Convention  1848  women pledge to work for their rights
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
_____________________________ liquor store owners, factory owners (women are against child-labor), and men (who like __________________________)
Some women were _________________ burned down houses, spit on police, etc.
Pre- WWI  some states (____________) granted women the _______________________________
Post-WWI  women’s ____________________ _______convinced many that women deserve the vote
_______Amendment
Teddy Roosevelt
President who ________________ Progressive reforms
Thought president could use the ‘bully pulpit’ to ____ ____________________________
Bully pulpit- president’s voice is ____________ ______________________ using this pulpit (place to speak to a crowd) the _____________ _________________could be bullied

19. Tariffs
Problem
Factory owners want ___________________. Why?
Protects them from ______________________________
Workers want lower tariffs. Why?
_________________________________________.
During the Gilded Age, tariffs had been kept __________.
Solution
________________Act (under president Wilson) lowers tariffs
$ that country used to get from tariffs is replaced by a ________ ____________________________________________________
_____________ amendment
Graduated?
The more you make, the _________________ __________________________________
Monopolies and Trusts
Not enough ____________________
Leads to __________________________ for consumers
Solutions
______________________________
___________________ version of Sherman anti-trust act
Can break up ____________________
Federal _______________________ (FTC) set up as a trust ‘______________________________________
Can warn companies when they are _________________
Banks
Problems
Unregulated banks can ____________ cause financial panics
________________________________
_________________________ the banks
Can loan money to banks to prevent _______________
Can make ________________________ (for example, you can only loan out so much money)
End of the Progressive Era
_________________ ( ) turned America’s attention _______________ Progressivism
Teddy Roosevelt (cont.)
Promised Americans ________________________________
‘Trustbuster’ – broke up more trusts than ________________
Sided with __________________ in a mine strike
When mine owners wouldn’t compromise, TR threatened to ________________________________ ___________________________________________
Outlawed railroads giving ___________ to congressmen. Why?
Form of _________________.
First ‘conservationist’ president  set aside __________ for ‘the people’
Health Reforms
Problems
The Jungle
Solutions
______________________________________
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Civil Rights
Legal _____________________
___________________
Presidents did not make this a priority, although they did help in a few _____________________________
Presidents are unwilling to pass ________________________
Civil Rights (cont.)
Disagreement among African Americans about the proper _________ in the movement for equal rights
Booker T ________________  Black people should work hard and pull themselves up without spending time focusing on __________________________  ___________________ can be dealt with once African Americans have ________________
E. B. _______________  Black people must demand ______ ___________________________________________________
_____________ set up on this second model